Titlebook: Entomopathogenic Bacteria: from Laboratory to Field Application; Jean-François Charles,Armelle Delécluse,Christina Book 2000 Springer Sci

共同确定为确

The diversity of , δ-endotoxinsses, although both the total number of toxins, and the number of classes continue to increase as new toxins are discovered. Despite the large number of classes almost ninety percent of the toxins contain conserved sequence motifs, and are believed to have similar structures. Comparing the toxins’ am

NEX

Insecticidal proteins produced by bacteria pathogenic to agricultural pests protein produced by . has been studied extensively partly due to its commercial value. A large number of . strains have been isolated. Each . isolate has a narrow insect specificity, but the specificity is diversified amongst different isolates. Insects susceptible to . include those in Lepidoptera

小虫

愤愤不平

Toxin and virulence gene expression in , toxins) allowing the bacteria to rapidly adapt to the environment, to eliminate competitors and to gain access to novel sources of nutrients. The entomopathogenic properties of . are partly due to the production of larvicidal toxins, called δ-endotoxins (the Cry and Cyt proteins). These proteins ar

澄清

Genetic and genomic contexts of toxin genesntomopathogenic bacteria, mainly in . and .. A special attention is brought to their association with mobile genetic elements (Insertion Sequences, Transposons and conjugative plasmids) and their possible clustering to other, more generic, virulence factors, in the scope of genome variability and pl

Obscure

Pathogenesis of , toxinshe protein particles produced during the sporulation process have to be ingested by the target insects. In the intestine they are dissolved and undergo activation by gut juice proteinases. Following receptor mediated binding pores are formed leading to the loss of normal membrane function. The gut e

终端

可卡

裤子

爱社交

Mode of action of , on mosquito larvae: incidence on resistanceingestion of . by the larva, these proteins are released into the midgut, activated by midgut serine proteinases and, in susceptible mosquito species, they bind to a specific receptor present on apical midgut brush border membranes. The resulting damage to the midgut cells kills the mosquito. The re