Titlebook: Endoscopic Procedures on the Spine; Jin-Sung Kim,Jun Ho Lee,Yong Ahn Book 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 endoscopic procedur

syncope

定点

Magnificent

横条

Carcinogen

Posteriorly Approached Cervical Endoscopyents enable minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy. Minimizing disruption of posterior cervical structures during the procedures may improve the short-term and long-term outcomes of the posterior approaching surgery. In this chapter we are going to introduce posterior percutaneous endosc

休息

Cervical Endoscopy Using Transcorporeal Routecectomy and fusion (ACDF), or laminoforaminotomy, which is accomplished posteriorly. However, these procedures are not without limitations or complications. In this regard, several reports have focused on the decompression of a cervical disc herniation or stenosis impinging on the cervical nerve roo

vertebrate

Thoracic Spinal Endoscopy-Anatomical Considerations cord, significant technical expertise should be acquired with lumbar endoscopic procedures before endoscopic surgery of the thoracic spine is attempted. This chapter considers the relevant anatomical considerations for these surgeries and details the indications for endoscopic thoracic surgery.

NAIVE

Indications of Thoracic Spinal Endoscopy: Background of Thoracic Disc Herniation and Endoscopic Trealy described thoracic discectomy techniques have well-known complications including new neurologic deficit, need for instrumented stabilization, pulmonary related morbidity, or wound complications. Some of these complications are reduced with the use of minimally invasive methods. The thoracic micro

placebo

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