Titlebook: Elementary Mathematics from a Higher Standpoint; Volume I: Arithmetic Felix Klein Book 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Algebra.

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Radiosurgery Treatment Planning,he number π, in geometric form, dates from ancient times. Even then it was usual to distinguish between the problem of its . and that of its exact .; and one had certain approaches for the solution of both problems. . made an essential advance, in the first, with his process of .. The second problem

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978-3-662-49440-0Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

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Economics, Behaviorism, and Utilitarianism,Let me give, as a preliminary, .. Imaginary numbers are said to have been used first, incidentally, to be sure, by . in 1545, in his solution of the cubic equation. As for the further development, we can make the same statement as in the case of negative numbers, . Meanwhile the mathematicians were not altogether happy about it.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48698-7We begin with a preferably simple case, which is susceptible of geometric treatment, namely with a real algebraic equation for the unknown ., in which a parameter λ appears: . (., λ) = 0..We shall obtain a geometric representation most simply if we replace λ by a second variable . and think of.. (., .) = 0 as a ..

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Geographic Location and Boundaries,Let me say, before beginning, that the name . seems preferable to the customary name “trigonometric functions”, since .. Their inverse functions are analogous to the logarithm, while they themselves are analogous to the exponential function. We shall call these inverse functions the ..

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Constrain

I. Calculating with Natural NumbersWe begin with the foundation of all arithmetic, calculation with positive integers. Here, as always in the course of these lectures, we first raise the question as to how these things are handled in the schools; then we shall proceed to the question as to what they imply when viewed from a higher standpoint.