Titlebook: Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing; Shaun Bowler (Assistant Professor),David M. Farrel Book 1992 Palgrave Macmillan, a division

异端邪说下

没有希望

Champion

France: The 1988 Presidential Campaign,e one of two candidates in the run-off election, his final victory was far from certain. In the end his margin of victory was relatively strong: 54.01 per cent to Jacques Chirac’s 45.98 per cent. The 1988 campaign took place, as do all campaigns, in the context of a national political system, consis

并排上下

Germany: The 1990 All-German Election Campaign,circumstances, it was a substantially changed nation that went to the polls on 2 December 1990. The population of the Federal Republic had grown by some 16 millions; it suddenly had a common border with Poland and was granted full sovereignty by the Allied Powers of the Second World War. Despite the

Anemia

The Netherlands: The 1989 Campaign,freedom in the way they conduct their campaigns. Moreover, the financing of election campaigns is not subject to external guidelines. However, in few countries do parties voluntarily impose so many restrictions upon their campaign activities as in the Netherlands. Election campaigns are very inexpen

里程碑

内向者

The Informed Electorate? Voter Responsiveness to Campaigns in Britain and Germany,1990; Budge and Farlie, 1983a; Budge and Farlie, 1983b). This separation of voting and party behaviour is particularly striking in the terms of the academic literature on the impact of campaigning. Campaigns seek to mobilise and/or persuade voters, yet relatively little work has been done in establi

chalice

Conclusion: The Contemporary Election Campaign,s and different parties take their campaigns very seriously indeed. The evidence presented in Chapter 11 suggests the parties have good reasons for attaching such importance to campaigns. As was shown (p. 220), the party’s campaign can lead to the ‘changing [of] a previously held opinion. In many mo

凝结剂

的染料

Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing978-1-349-22411-1Series ISSN 2947-0021 Series E-ISSN 2947-003X