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Titlebook: Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches; Simon A. Levin,John R. Kelly,Kenneth D. Kimball Textbook 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1989 B

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书目名称Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches
编辑Simon A. Levin,John R. Kelly,Kenneth D. Kimball
视频video
丛书名称Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences
图书封面Titlebook: Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches;  Simon A. Levin,John R. Kelly,Kenneth D. Kimball Textbook 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1989 B
描述Ecotoxicology is the science that seeks to predict the impacts of chemi­ cals upon ecosystems. This involves describing and predicting ecological changes ensuing from a variety of human activities that involve release of xenobiotic and other chemicals to the environment. A fundamental principle of ecotoxicology is embodied in the notion of change. Ecosystems themselves are constantly changing due to natural processes, and it is a challenge to distinguish the effects of anthropogenic activities against this background of fluctuations in the natural world. With the frustratingly large, diverse, and ever-emerging sphere of envi­ ronmental problems that ecotoxicology must address, the approaches to individual problems also must vary. In part, as a consequence, there is no established protocol for application of the science to environmental prob­ lem-solving. The conceptual and methodological bases for ecotoxicology are, how­ ever, in their infancy, and thus still growing with new experiences. In­ deed, the only robust generalization for research on different ecosystems and different chemical stresses seems to be a recognition of the necessity of an ecosystem perspective as focus for as
出版日期Textbook 1989
关键词Biom; Biomonitoring; biogeochemical cycles; ecosystem; ecosystem processes; environment; mesocosm; terrestr
版次1
doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3520-0
isbn_softcover978-1-4612-8138-2
isbn_ebook978-1-4612-3520-0Series ISSN 0172-6226
issn_series 0172-6226
copyrightSpringer-Verlag New York Inc. 1989
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Determining the Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution in Marine Ecosystems toxic to many organisms, current knowledge does not allow precise estimation of ecological damage resulting from oil pollution. At present, most governmental agencies that regulate chronic sources of oil pollution rely on an excessively simplistic approach to estimate damage: determination of letha
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The Effects of Chemical Stress on Aquatic Species Composition and Community Structurecosystems are particularly responsive to chemical stress, because pollutants tend to be well-distributed throughout zones of active mixing, and because communities tend to be dominated by motile, short-lived species with high reproductive rates. Response to chemical stress often involves rapid chang
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Theoretical and Methodological Reasons for Variability in the Responses of Aquatic Ecosystem Processmany years research activities necessarily emphasized one half of the interaction, the impact of the abiotic on the biotic elements of an ecosystem. Redfield’s seminal papers on the probable role of plankton in regulating seawater composition (Redfield 1934, 1958) provoked serious discussion of the
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Models in Ecotoxicology: Methodological Aspectslaboratory tests and microcosm studies to field situations; extrapolation across scales. Such extrapolation must be based on some underlying model or models; thus, models are an essential and ineluctable component of ecological risk assessment.
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Mathematical Models—Fate, Transport, and Food Chained in the water phase of the environment, they are transported by the fluid motion, are transferred to the atmosphere and bed, are subject to various physicochemical and biochemical reactions, and are assimilated by all levels of the aquatic food chain. They are also transmitted by direct ingestion
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