Titlebook: Ecology and the Environment; Russell K Monson Living reference work 20200th edition

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Plant Pollination and Dispersal, involved. To facilitate those events, some species have evolved wings on their pollen or seed for wind dispersal others have pollen or seed that can float for water dispersal. However, the majority of plants have evolved a diverse array of signals that lure animals as transporters. The most common

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Plants in Arctic Environments,g in tundra and polar deserts beyond the northern climatic limits of forests, i.e., generally north of the boreal zone. The boundary between boreal forests and the Arctic is often broad and ambiguous. Arctic plants exist along a global continuum of decreasing floristic diversity with increasing lati

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Plants in Changing Environmental Conditions of the Anthropocene, gas concentrations, temperatures, precipitation, and atmospheric pollutants have changed significantly from 1750 to today. Climatic and environmental change will accelerate in the twenty-first century. Plants act as pivot points in global biogeochemical cycles. Plants provide many important ecosyst

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Coastal Wetland Ecology and Challenges for Environmental Management,zonation patterns, where the distribution of species within a site predictably varies with small changes in elevation. These zonation patterns are driven by species-specific adaptations to abiotic stressors and by interspecific competition. Zonation patterns in mangrove swamps are more variable..Coa

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Ecology of Tropical Rain Forests,stence. Gradients in climate, parent material and soil age, topography and landscape stability, and atmospheric deposition result in strong heterogeneity in soil nutrient availability from local to regional scales. Tropical forests account for approximately 40 percent of terrestrial net primary prod

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Near-Coastal Seagrass Ecosystems,hytes as a food source..Restoration and remediation of seagrass ecosystems have not met with great success. Using vegetative propagules has a problem with where the propagules come from. Growing seagrass from seed has problems with germination and the vulnerability of seedlings. Remediation of destr

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