Titlebook: ESR Spectroscopy in Polymer Research; B. Rånby,J. F. Rabek Book 1977 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1977 ESR.Elektronenspinresonanz.Pol

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Generation of Free Radicals,Most reactions initiated by thermal energy, light, γ-radiation, and mechanical forces involve the formation of free radicals. In such reactions a two-electron chemical bond is cleaved either symmetrically or unsymmetrically: .. . In reaction (1.1) free radicals are formed, whereas in reaction (1.2) ions are formed.

ALOFT

ESR Study of Polymerization Processes,Chain-growth polymerization occurs by free radical or ionic mechanism. The growth of a single polymer chain (a macromolecule) is due to the propagation of one kinetic chain reaction. Every free-radical chain reaction requires a separate initiation step in which a radical species is generated in the reaction mixture.

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ESR Study of Polymers in Reactive Gases,Using quantum mechanics, the electronic configuration of molecular oxygen (O.) in the ground state . may be written as follows.: ..

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ESR Studies of the Oxidation of Polymers,Several papers have been published on ESR studies of oxygen radicals formed during the irradiation of the following polymers:

NOVA

ESR Studies of Molecular Fracture in Polymers,Molecular fracture in polymers is a very complicated phenomenon. The basic mechanism of fracture may involve chain scission, slippage, unfolding, chain pulling, phase segregation, dewetting, and failure of fillers and reinforcements. The theory, mechanism, and kinetics of molecular fracture are discussed in many publications..

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Application of Stable Free Radicals in Polymer Research,Stable free radicals have been widely applied in the study of polymers. Three methods are commonly used:

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Pediatric Respiratory PhysiologyJES-3 BX and JES-PE-3 X spectrometers, and Bruker (Germany) B-ER-414, B-ER-418 and B-ER-420 spectrometers. The commercial ESR spectrometers operate at a fixed microwave frequency and scan the ESR spectra by linear variation of the magnetic field. A typical ESR spectrometer has the following main com