Titlebook: EMATs for Science and Industry; Noncontacting Ultras Masahiko Hirao,Hirotsugu Ogi Book 20031st edition Springer Science+Business Media New

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-31564-4ic waves. The liftoff (or air gap) between the coil and specimen surface must be minimized as much as possible because it exponentially lowers the efficiency of the EMAT as indicated by Eq. (1.29). Moreover, the coil should be flexible for bending and twisting to accommodate curved specimen surfaces

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Handbibliothek für Bauingenieureits energy, resulting in increase of attenuation a and decrease of modulus. Granato and Lücke (1956) established a dislocation-damping theory to relate the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation with dislocation characteristics such as the segment length . and density Λ. The detailed expressions appear

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Marketing und Innovationsmanagementas a useful method to determine elastic constants of solids, including those with a lower crystallographic symmetry. The usual RUS configuration consists of a well-shaped specimen such as sphere, cylinder, or rectangular parallelepiped and two piezoelectric transducers that sandwich the specimen at

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t interfaces. In the atomic scale, the interatomic potential contains non-parabolic terms of interatomic distance, the magnitude and characteristics being specific to the crystal. Those terms are the origin of non-Hookean behaviors of solids and also account for the thermal expansion and specific he

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