Titlebook: Development Challenges of Pakistan; Constraints and Choi Jamil Nasir Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclu

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The Challenge of Poverty,s do not have a transformative effect on poverty alleviation. Evaluation of Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) also confirms said assertion. The traditional poverty alleviation schemes generally help consumption smoothing. A big push is needed through boosting economic growth, distribu

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ion of the people. And above all, growth gives hope and forges socio-political stability in the society which is a necessary condition for long-term sustainable growth. Pakistan has witnessed a boom-bust pattern of economic growth and since the 1990s, its growth trajectory seems to have plunged down

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that easy. Some other determinants like productivity, patience, and role of leadership are comparatively easier to fix. Accordingly, this chapter takes the discussion a bit further and includes said determinants in the list. The significance of productivity is emphasized. It is argued that Pakistan

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ing is differentiated from schooling and the argument is made in the light of empirical studies that it is the quality of learning that matters for economic growth. The learning outcomes are very poor in Pakistan. Some empirics suggest that if Pakistan improves the quality of education and children