Titlebook: Droughts, Floods, and Global Climatic Anomalies in the Indian Ocean World; Philip Gooding Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The

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,ENSO, IOD, Drought, and Floods in Equatorial Eastern Africa, 1876–1878,comprises mainland regions of Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, broadly corresponding to the central caravan route that linked inland regions to the wider Indian Ocean World through the nineteenth-century global ivory trade. It begins by using missionary and limnological sources to reconstruct climate in

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,A Forgotten Drought and Famine in East Africa, 1883–1885,ding with the beginnings of colonial rule, and foreshadowing the environmental collapse of the 1890s. It hit eastern and central regions of modern Tanzania and Kenya particularly hard. It led to a crisis in food production, and also severely disrupted the long-distance caravan trade. The inhabitants

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,‘A Drought so Extraordinary’: The 1911 ENSO and Disaster Nationalism in the American Colonial Philiion and drought brought region-wide rice shortages leading scores of tenants to abandon farms. The landowner-dominated Philippine Assembly responded to the disruption as a loss of authority and called on American administrators to secure rice imports, invest in irrigation, and establish rice colonie

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Brigitte Hewel,Renate Neubäumerces were invested not only in dike building and the preservation of the West Lake reservoir but also in relief measures, thus disclosing the inner inconsistencies and conflicts of water control and economy.

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Nina Leonhard,Hanna Haag,Pamela Heß for the VOC to ship climate refugees to South-east Asia to work their plantations, where anomalous rainfall may have contributed to the spread of depopulating epidemic diseases. The chapter concludes that the 1685–1687 ENSO—along with coeval warfare and political instability—marked a turning point in northern Coromandel’s economy.

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Hanna Haag,Pamela Heß,Nina Leonhardattempting to link such changes closely to climatic drivers. A better understanding of weather patterns possibly sheds new light on other historical phenomena, and it might also assist in making better predictions for future economic planning and international negotiations.

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