Titlebook: Design of Low-Voltage, Low-Power Operational Amplifier Cells; Ron Hogervorst,Johan H. Huijsing Book 1996 Springer Science+Business Media D

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38697-9s have to be connected in a common-source configuration. An efficient use of the supply current requires a high ratio between the maximum signal current that can be delivered to a load, and the quiescent current of the output stage. To accomplish this, the output transistors have to be class-AB biased.

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Input Stages,ant specification of an input stage is the common-mode input range. If the common-mode voltage is kept within this range, the input stage will properly respond to small differential signals. Hence, an application has to be designed such that the common-mode input voltage stays within the common-mode

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Output Stages, of signal distortion. In a low-voltage low-power environment, this has to be achieved by efficiently using the supply voltage as well as the supply current. To implement this, the output voltage range must be as large as possible, preferably from rail to rail. To achieve this, the output transistor

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Overall Topologies and Frequency Compensation,cation. One can think of different types of passive feedback, varying load impedances, process variations, temperature variations, and many more. Under all these varying conditions an operational amplifier has to be stable. To achieve this stability, it has to act like a one-pole system up to its un

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Generating a Formal Semantic Representationcation. One can think of different types of passive feedback, varying load impedances, process variations, temperature variations, and many more. Under all these varying conditions an operational amplifier has to be stable. To achieve this stability, it has to act like a one-pole system up to its unity-gain frequency under all circumstances.

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