Titlebook: Denationalizing Science; The Contexts of Inte Elisabeth Crawford,Terry Shinn,Sverker Sörlin Book 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordr

遭遇

The Nationalization and Denationalization of the Sciences: An Introductory Essay,the past four hundred years: their nationalization and their denationalization. Both are on-going processes—with more new nation-states being born in the early 1990s than at any other time during the 20th century, the sciences are certainly still being nationalized — but as the title says, . is to u

惊惶

National and International Aspects of Cross-Boundary Science: Scientific Travel in the 18th Centuryt was global in scope—but was it international? If so, in what ways? Did it contain national elements? If so, which? Ultimately, was scientific travel in the 18th century a predominantly national or international enterprise?

暗指

厨房里面

,The International Phytogeographical Excursions, 1911–1923: Intellectual Convergence in Vegetation Ssecond half of the 19th century. The first meeting of the new International Geodesic Association took place in 1864. Botanists began to meet regularly in 1867, and in 1901, the Association of Botanists was founded. 1903 saw the foundation of the International Association of Seismology; this to give

VICT

Migration and the Denationalization of Science,d specialties. We take account of the existing literature on intellectual migration, but draw especially on our case studies of the spread to English-speaking countries of “German” theoretical physics and the Vienna Circle’s “unified science.” The most obvious role for scientific migration is that o

Painstaking

From Multidisciplinary Collaboration to Transnational Objectivity: International Space as Constitut biology has primarily constituted itself in an international space, defined by an ongoing streamline of meetings of various sizes and degrees of in/formality, a preponderance of collaborative efforts and convoluted correspondence networks across many countries (1). Indeed, though all the early self

Unsaturated-Fat

legitimate

Internationalism in Soviet World-Science: The Hungarian Case,ron Curtain fell across Europe and cut Hungary’s traditional ties to the Western, mainly German scientific communities. For Hungarian scientists, it seemed as if the most important scientific centers were located in an entirely different world, insulated by a hardly penetrable wall. As, however, nei

宣称

Some Socio-Historical Aspects of Multinational Collaborations in High-Energy Physics at Cern Betweeal workfloor. Before the war experimental research, even with big accelerators like that at Berkeley, was generally done with relatively simple equipment, and remained an essentially individual affair (1). However, as detectors became more complex, costly, and time-consuming to build, increasing num

标准

,Redesigning ‘Solomon’s House’: The University and the Internationalization of Science and Business, implicit as in the United States. Such policies are constructed on the basis of a new relationship between universities and industry, involving transfer of technology as well as access to trained personnel. The perception that university-based science and technology is of use to industry has led to