Titlebook: Defending French in Flanders, 1873–1974; Between Liberty and David J. Hensley Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), u

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,An Uneasy Status Quo, 1932–1960,e surface, and the development of a new generation of Flemings who were educated in a wholly Dutch milieu, along with the spread of standard Dutch among the Flemish population, portended the creation of a wholly “Flemish” elite that would challenge the role of the traditional Francophone elite.

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From Resurgence to Retreat: The French-Speakers of Flanders from the End of World War I to the Langs with which French-speakers defended French changed to fit the new circumstances. The victory of the Entente powers had invigorated the supporters of French in Flanders, who saw it as a form of opposition to Germany, as the cement of patriotic Belgian unity, as the language of the French Republic w

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,An Uneasy Status Quo, 1932–1960,d World War and the tumultuous “Royal Question” in the early 1950s, this period experienced little change in terms of the linguistic status quo. The social position of French-speakers was such that they were able to maintain a sort of “parallel” public sphere, consisting of private French-language s

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,Decline and Fall: The Last Fights for French in Flanders, 1960–1974,nders.” The 1960s witnessed a wave of challenges to the Francophones’ power in Flanders. New educational legislation, passed in 1963, hampered the operation of French-language private schools in Flanders. Flemish marches targeted the use of French in Catholic Church services in Flanders. Flemish lea

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Conclusion: The Continued Presence of the Francophones of Flanders,they still exist, but they mostly keep their “French-speakingness” to themselves. However, the specter of the Francophones of Flanders continues to haunt Belgium, as they are often invoked as either a cautionary tale by the French-speakers in Brussels or as a potential source of trouble by the Flemi