Titlebook: Data Science Concepts and Techniques with Applications; Usman Qamar,Muhammad Summair Raza Textbook 2023Latest edition The Editor(s) (if ap

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Context in Complex Systems Governancemportance, and issues that are normally faced in data analytics. Efforts have been made to present the concepts in the most simple possible way, as conceptual clarity before studying the advance concepts of data science and related techniques is very much necessary.

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Maintenance of Repairable Systemsse, missing values, redundant attributes, etc. so data preprocessing is one of the most important steps to make data ready for final processing. Feature selection is an important task used for data preprocessing. It helps reduce the noise and redundant and misleading features. Based on its importanc

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Replacement of Capital Equipment analytics and machine learning activities. In this chapter, we will discuss the concepts of the classification process. We will provide a comprehensive overview of classification techniques including decision tree, Naïve Bayes, K nearest neighbor, support vector machines, and artificial neural netw

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Replacement of Capital Equipment already labeled classes in data, clustering involves unsupervised learning, i.e., we do not have any prior classes. We just collect similar objects in similar groups. For example, all the fruits with yellow color and having some length may be placed in one group, perhaps the group of banana fruit..

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