Titlebook: Cybernetics 2.0; A General Theory of Bernard Widrow Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to

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The Pursuit of Self-Defining GoalsThe purpose of this chapter is to describe neurons, and synapses, and how they connect and work together. A model of the neuron and its synapses, suitable for computer simulation, is presented.

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Cybernetics 2.0978-3-030-98140-2Series ISSN 2520-8535 Series E-ISSN 2520-8543

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PALAR Concepts, Models and Valuesplications. The coefficients or weights of the linear combiner are adjusted automatically by an adaptive algorithm. In most cases, this algorithm is LMS (Least Mean Squares). The linear combiner is trainable. Input vectors or patterns are presented to the combiner, as well as corresponding desired r

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Bev Davids,Carl Aspler,Bonnie McIvorat feed inputs to a neuron are scaled up or down together as needed to bring the neuron’s membrane potential to its homeostatic level. Adjusting the weights directly affects the sum (SUM) which is proportional to the membrane potential. With synaptic scaling, large weights adapt faster than small we

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Bernard WidrowDiscusses in depth the role of adaptivity and homeostasis in living systems.Shows how the Hebbian-LMS algorithm can be used to explain homeostatic mechanisms in biology.Discusses plenty of examples re