| 书目名称 | Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology / Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitätsforschung | | 副标题 | Volume 61 | | 编辑 | W. Arber,R. Haas,E. Wecker | | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/242/241400/241400.mp4 | | 丛书名称 | Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | At the end of the last century and the beginning of this century, the prob lems of immunity in lower vertebrates and the influence of environmental temperature attracted attention for the first time (ERNST, 1890; WIDAL and SICARD, 1897; METCHNIKOFF, 1901). However, relatively little work has been done on this subject until recently. The early investigators were chiefly in terested in the immuno-pathological problems. They immunized various species of lower vertebrates essentially with bacterial vaccines; agglutinating, neutralizing and protective antibodies were detected in their blood. The in fluence of environmental temperature on the immune response was investigated, since this subject represented great economical and theoretical importance. Epizootic diseases were observed to occur in relation to the cold season of the year, when the decrease or spontaneous increase of water temperature occurred (SCHAPERCLAUS, 1965; BESSE et al. , 1965; KLONTZ et al. , 1965 WOOD,1966). The immunological deficiency of fish, caused by their natural or experimental stay in cold water, is now evident for both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review we will focus on two points: We shall att | | 出版日期 | Conference proceedings 1973 | | 关键词 | Immunität; bacteria; biology; blood; diseases; environment; fish; immune response; immunity; immunology; micro | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65531-9 | | isbn_softcover | 978-3-642-65533-3 | | isbn_ebook | 978-3-642-65531-9Series ISSN 0070-217X Series E-ISSN 2196-9965 | | issn_series | 0070-217X | | copyright | The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE |
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