Titlebook: Crusading Against Christians in the Middle Ages; Mike Carr,Nikolaos G. Chrissis,Gianluca Raccagni Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable)

exophthalmos

Crusades in Northern Italy in the Fourteenth Century examine the factors that motivated popes to launch them, evaluate their outcomes, investigate how contemporaries perceived them, and discuss the historiography related to them. Italian historiography has privileged a “traditionalist” approach to the study of the crusades which largely overlooks cru

放弃

headway

The Crusade Against “Schismatic” Bulgaria (1238) and Its Antecedentsher when it was an independent polity or when it was subjected to Byzantine or Ottoman domination, it was never a recruiting ground for crusaders or the target of a crusade except for the period in which it confronted the Latin Empire of Constantinople, following its establishment during the Fourth

Texture

OWL

大都市

Crusades in the Holy Roman Empire (Late 1220s to the Early 1250s)se campaigns were launched against Christians and varied considerably in their causes, characteristics, and results. This chapter highlights four campaigns fought within a 30-year period. It first focuses on the campaign initiated by the bishop of Utrecht in the 1220s against the rural population in

Callus

松驰

衍生

种植,培养

The Crusades Against the Hussites in Bohemia (1419–1436)wider region. Between 1420 and 1431, the papacy in collaboration with the lay powers of the Holy Roman Empire undertook five large-scale crusades against the allegedly heretic followers of the Czech reformer Jan Hus. Despite the international scale and remarkable mobilising power of these campaigns,