Titlebook: Cromwellian Foreign Policy; Timothy Venning Book 1995 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 1995 Cromwell.England

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荨麻

NATAL

,Cromwell’s Approach to the ‘Two Crowns’, 1651–4,nd strongest power in Western Europe and was also the one with the closest links to the Stuarts. From 1648 the chain of revolts known as the . weakened the French government, providing the regency of Anne of Austria with more pressing problems than the regicide heretics across the Channel. France’s

愤慨点吧

harpsichord

The Western Design,and ideologically based attitude to the Spanish empire, providing a clear parallel with Elizabethan precedents. It could be argued that the Protector was obsessed with attacking Spain in the Americas when his main duty was to thwart French ambitions in Europe, and that nostalgia and religious bigotr

Bureaucracy

,Leda’s Mission and the Vaudois Massacre,rochement with France when his attack on Spanish territory was already under way. Despite Spain’s public fury at Cromwell’s ‘unexpected treachery’, their government was clearly aware of the Design’s target since the summer of 1654, although the actual course of the attack was not known until August

Bureaucracy

AND

,1656 — England Delays an Offensive Alliance with France,romwell to manoeuvre and delay, but the threat of its resolution ended his reluctance. England was cautious of entanglements and would only agree to a joint attack on Flanders on her own terms — the war with Spain enabling her to dictate them. The most essential of these was the cession of Dunkirk,

Melodrama

付出

,England, France and Dunkirk, 1657–8,part from its importance as a ‘pledge’ of French goodwill, the port was one of the main bases for the privateers who had been inflicting serious losses on English shipping. Its capture would also serve to prevent the Spaniards from lending troops or ships to the planned Royalist invasion which loome