Titlebook: Critical Turning Points in the Middle East; 1915 - 2015 Nayef R. F. Al-Rodhan,Graeme P. Herd,Lisa Watanabe Book 2011 Palgrave Macmillan, a

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A New Strategic Context in the Middle East, in 1987, the end of the Iraq-Iran war in 1988, the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, the First Gulf War subsequent to the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Introduction,en to form a combustible combination of factors that will have grave consequences for the Middle East, unless a new approach to managing change that addresses numerous dignity deficits in the region is adopted. Infringements of dignity usually mean that fundamental human needs, such as physical secu

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The Arab Defeat,r within these newly created territorial entities drew upon Arab nationalism as a means of legitimizing their power and constructing national identities within a state-centred system. During the interwar years, a new generation of elite emerged, who stressed the need for greater unity among Arabs an

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The Iranian Revolution and its Aftershock,, liberal-democratic Western model could be brought into existence. It led to an increase in the popularity of, and spurred on, radical religious groups, which opposed both conservative and secular regimes. It also made these very regimes acutely conscious that state-sponsored revolutionary ideologi

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