Titlebook: Critical Terms in Futures Studies; Heike Paul Book 2019 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spring

船员

Decision,Decision-making processes are both, ubiquitous and contingent. They can be described as social action, communicative act, or cultural technique. Most importantly, they need to be analyzed as historically and culturally embedded.

最小

Development,The “development” of “underdeveloped” regions has given rise not only to a huge apparatus of experts and administrators but also to semantic confusion. The latter can only be disentangled if we take into account the critical and linguistic turn in development studies pioneered by the Post-development School.

Geyser

Digitization,“Digitization” considers its titular concept within the fields of book history and media studies, as well as more speculative forms of digitization in popular science and science fiction.

Custodian

Divination,The chapter discusses the importance of fortune-telling as a strategy in dealing with an unknown future and everyday, widespread form of information retrieval from antiquity to the present day.

llibretto

放逐

Fate,Fate designates a hidden power that determines human life opposing, thus, human self-determination. Its perception in different cultures is the subject matter of the present chapter.

inhumane

Introduction,ributions by renowned scholars from a variety of disciplines, including history, cultural studies, literary studies, sociology, media studies, American studies, Japanese studies, Chinese studies, and philosophy.

cumulative

Callus

清醒

Artificial Intelligence,ortant to distinguish weak (allopoiesis) AI from strong (autopoiesis) AI. This keyword entry situates the current state of weak AI as well as speculates on the potential future of strong AI, as drawn from science, culture, and philosophy.