Titlebook: Costs and Benefits in Health Care and Prevention; An International App U. Laaser,E. J. Roccella,H. Wenzel Book 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin

Obliterate

改良

Quality of Life: Methodological Key IssuesIncreased expectations of the society have developed parallel with improvements in technology in all areas of human life. These expectations may extend from day-to-day needs to the most sophisticated aspects of human perceptions through the wide spectrum of the health-disease continuum scale.

GRIEF

平庸的人或物

Some Limitations in the Analysis of Costs and BenefitsWhen cost-benefit analyses are conducted in the fields of social medicine and epidemiology, benefit should in my view primarily be defined in other than financial terms.

违抗

Research Perspectives for the Future: International Cooperation in Comparing Costs and Benefits of tLooking at the practice of economical appraisal in health care today, one concern should certainly be, that there is still a concentration on measurements of benefit, which derive from just one aspect of “being healthy”, i.e. benefits from increased production of individuals being able to return to work — the human capital approach.

脆弱带来

难听的声音

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health Care: Opportunities and Challenges to International Comparisone. Arguments that have been raised against basing medical decisions on tradeoffs between monetary and health values can be addressed if analyses are sensitive to the ethical underpinnings of these arguments and if we are explicit about our studies’ limitations. Foremost among the challenges to CEA i

Antagonism

The Feasibility of Willingness-To-Pay Measurement in Health Services Researchifficulties in dealing with nonmonetary effects. The consensus of current experts agrees that purely economic methods, such as the human capital approach, grievously misvalue such aspects of disease burden as pain, suffering, anxiety, depression, loss of self-esteem, reduced capacity in activities o

技术

替代品

Quality of Life, Clinical Trials, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Conceptual Issues with Hypertensio a traditional clinical trial. Inclusion of these trendy instruments shows concern for the “softer” values in therapy on the part of the investigator or sponsor and, with a little luck, might actually demonstrate a difference favoring the experimental group. Such a narrow view does not reflect the