Titlebook: Consumption-Based Approaches in International Climate Policy; Christian Lininger Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2

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Consumption as a Base for Emission Accounting and as a Policy BaseFinally, various criteria for assessing different climate policy variants are discussed: economic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, environmental effectiveness, carbon leakage, welfare, and competitiveness. This discussion shows that one of the most common policy effectiveness indicators—carbon leakag

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Unilateral Climate Policies: The Theoretical Economic Background examines four such channels: the competitiveness, the energy market, the income, and the technology spillovers channel. Various counter-measures against leakage were suggested; one of them being border carbon adjustments. Recently, some authors have drawn attention to macroeconomic effects of such

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Quantitative Studies of Carbon Leakage and the Effects of Border Adjustmentss lead to a substantial redistribution of income between abating and non-abating countries. This chapter argues that the main insights produced by these studies are not the quantitative estimates .; rather this literature strand has made an enormous contribution to discovering the parameters and det

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Literature on Emissions Embodied in Trade they cannot guarantee that consumption-based policies are environmentally more effective than production-based ones. Another central argument of the literature on emissions embodied in trade is that consumption-based policies may be “fairer”, as not only producers, but also consumers are “responsib

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Consumption-Based Climate Policy in Practice: Abatement Potentials Difficult to Exploitt have large effects on policy effectiveness; and the adoption of “green” technologies by developing and emerging economies should be incentivized. This chapter argues that the last of these recommendations is extremely important for the environmental effectiveness of the policy; this recommendation

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Conclusionhat in the short run—when using border adjustments as a policy instrument—the desirable incentive effects can be secured only if it is possible to achieve at least a certain level of cooperation with the countries affected by the border measures. In the long run, a “carbon-added” scheme could be int

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Policy Transmission Through Energy Markets, Income Effects, and Technological Spillovers