Titlebook: Congenital Spine Malformations; Clinical and Surgica Khaled Fares AlAli,Hashim Talib Hashim Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The

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Yuichiro Onishi,Fumiko Sakashitaented bar of the spinal column after the failure of segmentation. Pure congenital lordosis cases are scarce while lordosis with other deformities like scoliosis is more frequently encountered. Presentation varies among patients and depends on the type of deformity and the rate of progression. Congen

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Yuichiro Onishi,Fumiko Sakashita to a neural tube defect, spina bifida being the most common neural tube defect. It is a rare congenital disease that affects the spine and brain development. There are four types of spina bifida, myelomenigocele being the most common and most severe. Spina bifida occulta is the second most common a

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S. I. Hayakawa and the Civil Rights Eraanal stenosis” was introduced by the neurosurgeon Henk Verbiest in 1954, stenosis can affect variable parts of the spine such as the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. For males, it is common to be affected by the cervical spine and thoracic spine, while the lumbar spine is more common in females. Gene

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55773-7chord, leading to the division of the spinal cord and vertebral column. All the theories pertaining to the disorder revolve around the presence of the neurenteric canal that leads to the observed malpresentation. The persistence of the connection between the endoderm and the ectoderm is the main cul

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55773-7endoderm and ectoderm. This happens when the proper separation of the endoderm and notochord is prevented by the persistence of the ordinarily transitory neurenteric canal, and this connection leads to the presence of mucus-secreting epithelium reminiscent of the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55773-7eading to a fistula. The majority of patients present asymptomatically, but may also present with infections, neurological compromise, CSF leak, urinary symptoms, and foot deformities. It is important to closely scrutinize midline dimples, especially in infants, and to examine patients fully, as the

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55773-7ts by medium septa which may be fibrous or bony (Meena RK, Doddamani RS, Sharma R. World Neurosurg 2019; Gezercan Y, Özsoy KM, Oktay K, Çetinalp NE, Erman T, Zeren M. Çukurova Üniversitesi 199:40, 2015). There are two types of SCMs. Type I SCM (diastematomyelia) is characterized by osseocartilaginou

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55773-7 cord. It more commonly affects the lumbar or thoracolumbar regions of the spine although it can affect any portion of the spine. It was believed that the defect in embryological development that leads to SSD was in primary neurulation, but data suggest now that these malformations occur in the stag