Titlebook: Color Atlas of Congenital Heart Surgery; S. Bert Litwin Book 2007Latest edition Springer-Verlag New York 2007 Surgery.anatomy.cardiology.c

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Silicon Devices and Process Integrationeep hypothermia, and low-flow cerebral perfusion (about 0.25–0.5 L/min/m.) because total circulatory arrest is almost never used. The two cavae are selectively cannulated, and this allows work within the heart to progress during cooling and rewarming.

congenial

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Jack L. Meador,Paul D. Hylander establishment of the diagnosis. Early repair is performed to avoid congestive heart failure and myocardial fibrosis caused by inadequate myocardial perfusion accentuated by a . phenomenon with retrograde flow from the left coronary into the main pulmonary artery. Surgery should always establish a two-coronary system.

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Pulmonary Venous Anomalies,ere is obstruction at the atrial septal level (supracardiac or intracardiac connection). When there is no obstruction to pulmonary venous return, surgery is required in the early weeks of life because the large left-to-right shunt causes congestive heart failure or failure to thrive with or without pulmonary artery hypertension.

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Aortic Root Anomalies, establishment of the diagnosis. Early repair is performed to avoid congestive heart failure and myocardial fibrosis caused by inadequate myocardial perfusion accentuated by a . phenomenon with retrograde flow from the left coronary into the main pulmonary artery. Surgery should always establish a two-coronary system.

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Tricuspid Valve Anomalies,er rare lesions. Operations are carried out working through a right atriotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass, moderate hypothermia (26°C), aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegia, profound local cardiac cooling, and left ventricular venting. Children with tricuspid atresia require single ventricle surgery and this is covered in Chapter 6.

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Fontan Operation,plastic left heart syndrome. After the repair is complete, the single ventricle is in continuity with the systemic circulation, and the systemic venous return flows to the lungs without passing through a functional ventricle.

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Pulmonary Stenosis,uction and peripheral pulmonary stenosis are usually treated by closed balloon angioplasty; however, surgical repair is performed in many patients, especially those in whom operation is carried out for associated anomalies.

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Double Outlet Ventricles, pulmonary stenosis protects the lungs from overperfusion, and in its absence the lungs are flooded and there is congestive heart failure. Total correction is undertaken at any age when symptoms dictate. Surgery is performed with cardiopulmonary bypass, moderate hypothermia, aortic cross-clamping, and cardioplegia with local cardiac cooling.