Titlebook: Clinical Investigations in Gastroenterology; Malcolm C. Bateson,Ian A. D. Bouchier Book 19972nd edition Springer Science+Business Media Do

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Pancreas,ic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer is an important though often unresolved question. The laboratory diagnosis of pancreatic disease can be quite simple in the presence of jaundice, glycosuria or steatorrhoea; it is when the only symptom is abdominal pain that the diagnosis frequently proves extremely difficult.

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Hafeeza Anchrum,Taryn Pochon,Julie Fairmanirely specific, and interpretation usually depends on examination of a constellation of results together with the clinical presentation. There is no true ‘liver function test’, but merely abnormal serum biochemistry which could be explained by liver disease.

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Eugen (Evgeny Evgenievich) Slutsky,linical practice. Duodenal drainage with examination of bile-rich fluid is seldom used in making a diagnosis of gallbladder disease, though in gallstone disease cholesterol crystals indicate cholesterol-rich stones,and microspheroliths indicate mineral/pigment stones.

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Liver biochemistry,irely specific, and interpretation usually depends on examination of a constellation of results together with the clinical presentation. There is no true ‘liver function test’, but merely abnormal serum biochemistry which could be explained by liver disease.

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Upper digestive endoscopy,late each other and different disorders can affect the same patient. Video and fibreoptic endoscopy with photography, biopsy and cytology has played a major role in evaluation and management. The technique is safe with a few contraindications, but training and experience are required to yield good r

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Stomach,is scanned half-hourly after this has been consumed, until activity has left the stomach. Emptying is exponential, so the half-life of meals in the stomach is a useful measurement. This is normally 60–90 minutes, compared with 40–60 minutes in patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcers and 75–100+

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Colon and rectum,nce of the rectal examination is gauged by the fact that about 15% of all large bowel cancers can be felt digitally. It is usually possible to reach further with a fmger than can be seen with an anoscope.