Titlebook: Clinical Data Analysis on a Pocket Calculator; Understanding the Sc Ton J. Cleophas,Aeilko H. Zwinderman Textbook 2016Latest edition Spring

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https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230593640ate, if the data can be assumed to follow a Gaussian-like frequency distribution. For non-Gaussian-like data the one-sample Wilcoxon test will be appropriate. The example given shows that levels of statistical significance of the two tests are very similar.

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Alfred Loisy and the Great War,servations. As paired observations are usually more similar than unpaired observations, special tests are required in order to adjust for a positive correlation between the paired observations..Significant effects indicate that the null-hypothesis of no difference between the two outcome can be reje

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Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, is assumed to be zero, and this may not be true for paired observations. Particularly, repeated measurements in one subject produces usually results more similar than those from single measurements in separate subjects. Repeated measurements, thus, tends to produce a positive correlation. However,

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Criminal Law and Criminal Justice,the chance of finding no difference where there is one (type II error) and the chance of finding a difference where there is none (type I) error (Chap. .). A study result is often expressed in the form of the mean result and its standard deviation (SD) or standard error (SE). With the mean result ge

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Roman Love Elegy and the Eros of Empireomething about what you can expect from future data: if you repeat the study, you will be 95 % sure that your mean outcome will be within the 95 % confidence interval. The chapter shows how it can be calculated. The 95 % confidence interval can be used as an alternative to statistical significance t

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12346-0 95 % confidence interval is between prior boundaries, defining an area of undisputed clinical relevance. Equivalence testing is important, if you expect a new treatment to be equally efficacious as the standard treatment. This new treatment may still be better suitable for practice, if it has fewer

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12346-0ew compounds being mostly only slightly different from the old ones. Unlike equivalence studies, noninferiority studies have, instead of two boundaries with an interval of equivalence in between, a single boundary. Noninferiority studies have been criticized for their wide margin of inferiority, mak