Titlebook: Cervical Spine Surgery: Standard and Advanced Techniques; Cervical Spine Resea Heiko Koller,Yohan Robinson Book 2019 Springer Nature Switze

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Upper Cervical Spine: A Surgical Challenge—Past, Present, and FutureAll pathologies affecting bone, joints, muscles, vessels, and all neural structures (spinal cord, nerves, CSF, meninges) can be present in the very small area of upper cervical spine.

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Posterior Midline Approach C0–C2: How to Expose Meticulously with Less BleedingCraniovertebral junction is a delicate region; any damage to vertebral artery (VA) or medullo-spinal cord junction may result in a life-threatening situation. We should have a meticulous dissection method with proper understanding of anatomy to obtain a wide and dry surgical field. The author would like to emphasize three significant points:

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Parasitinsekten der Blattminierer Europaspharyngeal and the anterior subaxial approaches. The relevant muscles, fasciae, vessels, and nerves are shown together with some details on the special anatomy of the cervical discs and the cervical neural foramens.

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