Titlebook: Catastrophe Theory; Vladimir I. Arnold Book 1992Latest edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992 Bifurcations.Catastrophe Theory.Kata

敬礼

Androgen

extract

ZEST

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46684-7evolution in mathematics, comparable perhaps to Newton’s invention of the differential and integral calculus. It was claimed that the new science, catastrophe theory, was much more valuable to mankind than mathematical analysis: while Newtonian theory only considers smooth, continuous processes, cat

现存

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46906-0ingularities of generic mappings, we can try to use this information to study large numbers of diverse phenomena and processes in all areas of science. This simple idea is the whole essence of catastrophe theory.

Acumen

Dorsal

Cutting and Packaging Optimizationies and so on). Astrophysicists nowadays think that in the early stages of the development of the universe there was no such inhomogeneity. How did it come about? Ya. B. Zel’dovich in 1970 proposed an explanation of the formation of clusters of dustlike material that is mathematically equivalent to

莎草

János Abonyi,László Nagy,Tamás Rupperttion, control theory and decision theory. For instance, suppose we have to find . such that the value of a function .(.) is maximal. Under a smooth change of the function the optimal solution changes with a jump from one of the two competing maxima . to the other ..

Optic-Disk

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47444-6 the obstacle consists of straight-line segments and segments of geodesics (curves of minimal length) on the surface of the obstacle. The geometry of the shortest paths is greatly affected by the various bendings of the obstacle surface.

有特色

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47686-0 the various singularities in optimization and variational calculus problems) become understandable only within the framework of the geometry of symplectic and contact manifolds, which is refreshingly unlike the usual geometries of Euclid, Lobachevskij and Riemann.