Titlebook: Cardiovascular System, Red Blood Cells, and Oxygen Transport in Microgravity; Hanns-Christian Gunga,Victoria Weller von Ahlefeld Book 2016

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滔滔不绝地讲

The Cardiovascular System in Space,oses novel challenges on the cardiovascular system. More precisely, a lack of the impeding gravitational force makes some cardiovascular functions more facile. Upon injection to space, extensive mechanisms that have been evolutionarily developed to cope with the burden of gravity become redundant. N

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Red Blood Cells in Space, view, this system is rather ancient and originated approximately 500 million years ago when multicellular organisms had grown so much that transportation of oxygen and nutrients by diffusion had become insufficient. The development of erythrocytes containing hemoglobin to bind oxygen and carbon dio

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Respiration and Respiratory Control, pressure gradient changes lung shape and the distribution of gas-filled space. However, inhomogeneous ventilation and aeration of alveolar volumes can also be detected in weightlessness. In the transient phase immediately after the onset of weightlessness, the lung as an interface between the envir

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Countermeasures, countermeasures is important, but have only been partly successful in reducing, for example, orthostatic intolerance experienced by returning astronauts, especially after long-duration flights. This chapter concludes the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to weightlessness by presenting a rang

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85268-1ovascular system special attention. This chapter briefly outlines physiological functions that are critical for understanding the changes occurring in microgravity, as well as introducing the microgravity environment aboard Space stations.

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The Unsteady Navier-Stokes Problemly associated with weightlessness can also be attributed to deconditioning of respiratory muscles..Effects of other environmental conditions and astronauts’ activities may mask the effects of weightlessness. For example, exercise training as countermeasure will also stabilize or improve lung function.