Titlebook: Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Carol L. Lake Book 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1985 Bypass.Lake.cardiovascular.congenital heart disease.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77425-6of blood, proved to be an effective method of increasing aortic diastolic pressure and is now in widespread use. An implantable chronic assist device was first reported in 1966 (39), but these devices remain experimental stages and have limited use.

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Anesthesia for Patients with Valvular Heart Disease,nesthesiologist must consider the pathophysiologic effects of the disease process, compensatory cardiovascular changes, and the effects of anesthetic agents and techniques on both processes. Compensatory mechanisms for the loss of forward stroke volume include:

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Cardiac Surgery: Operative Techniques,tic valve replacements, and congenital reparative procedures, including those for atrial and ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great vessels. The reader is referred to a surgical text for more detailed descriptions of these and other procedures.

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Specific Measurements, Units, and Terms2, Bird Resuscitator (17) will provide 100% oxygen. A battery-powered defibrillator, a liter of blood or intravenous fluid, and cardioactive drugs, such as calcium, lidocaine, thorazine, phenylephrine should accompany the patient.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77425-6of nonesterified fatty acids accounts for 90% of myocardial oxygen consumption (9). Oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies inhibits glucose uptake, glycolysis, and pyruvate oxidation, and facilitates glycogen synthesis (8).