Titlebook: Cardiopulmonary Monitoring; Basic Physiology, To Sheldon Magder,Atul Malhotra,Charles Corey Hardin Book 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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Stress, Strain, and the Inflation of the Lungtranspulmonary pressure. Pressure is force per unit area and is thus a stress, while changes in lung volume and shape constitute a strain. A fully realistic description of lung mechanical behavior must contend with the fact that the relationship between stress and strain can be nonlinear and nonunif

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Physiology of PEEP and Auto-PEEPtored hydrostatic pressures. Prominent among these are the loading conditions of both ventricles, heart rate, backpressure to venous return, and to a lesser degree, heart rate, left ventricular compliance, and perhaps, right ventricular contractility. Understanding the key physiologic concepts of gl

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Control of Breathingide occurs through a negative feedback control system involving peripheral and central chemoreceptors as well as effectors via the diaphragm and respiratory muscles. The interactions of the various sensors is a topic that is still debated, but the existing literature largely supports a hyper-additiv

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Respiratory Muscle Blood Flow and Heart–Lung Interactionsle with the blood flow that delivers O. and other nutrients to the tissues and removes wastes. On the other hand, respiratory muscles are necessary to maintain ventilation, which provides the blood with O. and clears the CO. which are essential for cardiac function as well as the tissues of the rest

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Volume and Regulation of Cardiac Outputlation. However, in the steady state, the same volume must return to the heart during diastole so that only the equivalent of stroke volume is added per beat to the circulation. The distribution of volume under flow conditions is determined by pressure-flow and pressure-volume characteristics of the

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Function of the Left Heartcterized by an end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) with a slope of Emax, which is synonymous with contractility. The sloped ESPVR means that stroke volume (and hence cardiac function) is decreased by an increase in afterload, a decrease in contractility, and a decrease in diastolic com