Titlebook: Cardiology Procedures; A Clinical Primer Robert C. Hendel,Carey Kimmelstiel Textbook 2022Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and T

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09834-0PI) improves the sensitivity and specificity over standard exercise stress testing and provides information regarding systolic function and wall motion abnormalities with gated SPECT. Furthermore, SPECT has substantial literature support for risk stratification in many clinical settings.

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Contrast Echocardiographyar opacification. UEAs play an important role in diagnosis of wall motion abnormalities, cardiac function, myocardial diseases, masses, and thrombi. Agitated saline, which provides contrast to the right ventricle, enables detection of intracardiac shunts.

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Pharmacologic Stress Testinghe modality of choice. Because the sensitivity of pharmacological stress ECG alone is low, a cardiac imaging modality is needed. Pharmacological stress testing is divided into vasodilator stress with the three available agents: adenosine, dipyridamole, or regadenoson or with a catecholamine, dobutamine.

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Stress Echocardiographyiography (SE) is an inexpensive and relatively simple procedure with high diagnostic accuracy that may be performed either with exercise (treadmill or bicycle) or pharmacological stress, predominantly dobutamine.

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Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Myocardial Perfusion ImagingPI) improves the sensitivity and specificity over standard exercise stress testing and provides information regarding systolic function and wall motion abnormalities with gated SPECT. Furthermore, SPECT has substantial literature support for risk stratification in many clinical settings.

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