Titlebook: Captivity in War during the Twentieth Century; The Forgotten Diplom Marcel Berni,Tamara Cubito Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and

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Tierexperimentelle Pharmakologie,OWs in Japanese society was also disputed, especially since they were regarded as a possible fifth column for the communist menace in the region. These national and transnational aspects of the history of Japanese POWs who returned from the Soviet Union to MacArthur’s Japan have not received enough scholarly attention.

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,Shifting to the Left (1961–1962),rn European Union, the Portuguese government, the presidents of Gabon and Ivory Coast, the Vatican and some international organisations. The oilmen’s eventual release was a huge success for the negotiators, but a defeat for Biafra, which had hoped to use the captives in order to strengthen its claims of sovereignty.

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,“Heraus mit unseren Gefangenen!” The German Home Front and the International Campaign for Prisoner nations to demand the release of the German prisoners of war. Through appeals to the international community, made as mothers and wives rather than as political activists, German women ultimately hastened the prisoners’ release and return to their families.

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The Diplomatic Role of Transnational Actors in Wartime Captivity,ion. From the 1860s onwards, transnational actors like the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as well as neutral nations gained increasing global importance in their role in caring for prisoners in war. This chapter illustrates how their transnational connections and practices evolved i

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An Uneasy Balance: International Relief Efforts in the Chaco War,ides. Neither state could afford to prosecute a war on its own, despite recent modernization programs that drew attention from outsiders. International interest included prewar calls for refugee resettlement via the League of Nations—but once fighting did break out, there was significant and increas

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,The ICRC and Communist Captives During Vietnam’s American War,y the principles of the Geneva Conventions and let delegates visit prisoners of war in North Vietnam, the only mandate given to the ICRC was the inspection of the prisoner regime in South Vietnam. However, the South applied strict restrictions on ICRC visits to prisoner of war camps and mostly forba