Titlebook: Calculating the Social; Standards and the Re Vaughan Higgins,Wendy Larner Book 2010 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers

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,Das Modell und seine Einflußdimensionen,technology studies have documented, the work of standardization is intimately bound up with the construction of techno-economic networks (Fujimura, 1992, Latour, 1988). Standards are integral to the development of large-scale systems such as international clinical trials (Petryna, 2009), and to the

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Jürgen Howaldt,Rüdiger Klatt,Ralf Koppated and given momentum (Brunsson and Jacobsson, 2000; Drori et al., 2006; Tamm Hallström, 2004). From this perspective, the rise of standards is reflective of a progressive rationalization of the social world. Their global diffusion and penetration of new domains leads to ever more formalized ways

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Standards and Standardization as a Social Scientific Problem social world (see Weber, 1968) in which professional and organizational knowledge-practices are reinvented in increasingly formalized, universalized and standardized ways (Drori et al., 2006, pp. 13–14). This gives rise to a wide range of standards, protocols, certification and auditing systems whi

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Calculating Hybridsl and the local, and that take place across, within, and between national boundaries. But, rather than focusing on the distinctive entities or modes of organization that characterize the present, we focus here on the . through which they operate (Larner and Le Heron, 2004; Miller, 1994; Power, 1997)

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The Practice of Third-Party Certification: Enhancing Environmental Sustainability and Social Justicek concerned consumers with producers whose method of farming is sustainable and ethical (Barrientos, 2000; Gereffi et al., 2001; Raynolds et al., 2007). At the same time, NGOs are pressuring major food retailers to implement TPC as a means to demonstrate that their globally sourced products are prod

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Industry Analysts and the Labour of Comparisons not without politics or complexities (Barry, 2006; Mol, 2002; Porter, 1995) particularly concerning the status and detachment of experts who perform this work, the devices used in their craft, the identification of the properties to be measured and the calculations and actions that stem from these

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Standards, Orphan Drugs, and Pharmaceutical Marketstechnology studies have documented, the work of standardization is intimately bound up with the construction of techno-economic networks (Fujimura, 1992, Latour, 1988). Standards are integral to the development of large-scale systems such as international clinical trials (Petryna, 2009), and to the