Titlebook: Breast Reconstruction with Autologous Tissue; Hisham Fansa,Christoph Heitmann Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Tumor excision

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Mastectomy,s and axillary lymph nodes en bloc. This approach was partially due to the late and extensive stages of the disease. Nowadays most mastectomies are performed as nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSM), leaving the skin and the nipple intact. It was shown that the risk for recurrence is not much increased

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Autologous Reconstruction: Pedicled Flaps, arm (crista tuberculi minoris). The latissimus dorsi flap, first described by Tansini in 1906, quickly became the standard flap after its rediscovery by Olivari in 1976 due to its very constant anatomy. It can be used as a free flap or as a pedicled flap. In breast surgery it is used almost exclusi

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Secondary Reconstruction of Partial Defects,an be pure volume defects, i.e. the breast has less volume than the opposite side. Or removal of breast tissue and skin leads to a combined volume and skin deficit, which changes the breast shape. This also manifests itself in the asymmetry of the breasts. However, the removal of the skin causes a c

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