Titlebook: Breast Cancer; Nuclear Medicine in Emilio Bombardieri,Luca Gianni,Gianni Bonadonna (C Book 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 Bre

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Bernhard Felderer,Stefan Homburgappropriate postoperative treatments. Nodal status, tumor size, tumor grade, age and HER2 expression are universally accepted as important factors to define risk categories. Newer factors such as uPA/PAI-1, cyclin-E and other proliferative indices and the gene expression profile are promising and wi

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FELON

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Axillary Lymph Node Status Evaluation in Breast Cancer Patients: Role of SPECT and Pinhole SPECT wisiveness and morbidity. However, ALND may not be necessary in many cases, in particular in early stage carcinomas with tumor size <10 mm and even more so when axillary clinical examination is negative, since in this case the percentage of lymph node metastases is very low. Moreover, even when axilla

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PET Imaging of Breast Cancer Molecular Biomarkers,h into disease-specific biochemical processes have advanced the development of molecular biomarkers as targets for molecular imaging..A biomarker can be defined as a measurable variable of a molecular, biological or functional process that can also be used as a measure of pharmacologic response to t

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FDG-PET in Monitoring Therapy of Breast Cancer,onitoring chemotherapy in breast cancer..Whole body imaging with fluorine-18 deoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) has gained widespread acceptance for the staging and restaging of breast cancer (Biersack et at. 2001; Kostakoglu and Goldsmith 2003; Grahek et al. 2004). Another significant indication for FDG-PE

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FDG-PET and Tumour Marker Tests for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer,n screening and early diagnosis; it has an established role in the diagnosis of recurrences; it has an established role in therapy monitoring, alone or in association with other diagnostic tools; it is still under study as a predictor of response to therapy. Several international guidelines help phy

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Advantages and Limitations of FDG PET 16 in the Follow-Up of Breast Cancer, imaging methods..Limitations of FDG PET in the follow-up of breast cancer patients include the relatively low detection rate of bone metastases, especially in case of sclerotic subtype, and the relatively high rate of false-positive results. The rather low specificity of FDG PET can be improved/inc