Titlebook: Blaise Pascal; Mathematician, Physi Donald Adamson Book 1995 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 1995 calculus.g

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Introduction,hird child and only son of Étienne Pascal’s four children; their mother died in 1626. Clermont was a city steeped in the history of Christendom: at the conclusion of an ecclesiastical council held there in 1095, Pope Urban II had blessed the departure of the First Crusade.

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Jansenism,alley, close to the village of that name. It is a spot which even today is renowned for its picturesque beauty. Wooded slopes on all sides run down towards undulating meadow land through which winds a small river. Nowadays much of the area is sparsely populated with either the evening or weekend ret

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,A ‘God-Inebriated Man’,ary Nicolas Fontaine. — to have been somewhat reluctant to take him on. Nevertheless, says Fontaine (561), he ‘could not neglect seeing him, for decency’s sake, especially when asked to do so by M. Singlin’. It is clear that Saci, like no doubt other members of the community, feared and disliked his

同步左右

The , Pascal does not become pompously solemn or tediously earnest: he is never boring. Yet to many, if not most, people the subjects he is basically canvassing could rapidly induce boredom! In the first three, or even four,, out of eighteen letters, he is concerned with the question of divine grace, a v

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The Christian Life, by Pope Alexander VII. Where Pascal and his Jansenist friends had begun, the whole Assembly of the French Clergy now took over. Significantly, the parish priests of France voiced a deep objection to the activities of an international religious movement, organized on semi-military lines, which had s

寄生虫

Human Nature,he human condition, in general and abstract terms, but of the personality of man. Pascal, as a contemporary of the ., such as La Rochefoucauld, La Fontaine and La Bruyère, was well able to embark on this. Thus, the work of a seventeenth-century writer, misunderstood by Voltaire and others in the eig

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The Wager,ianity must ultimately be founded upon risk-taking. ‘St Augustine’, writes Pascal (577*), ‘saw. that we take risks at sea, in battle, etc. — but he did not see the rule of probability which proves that we ought to do so’: he lacked, in other words, an understanding of the probability calculus on the

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,Pascal, ‘Devout Geometrician’,. The infinitesimal calculus was the direct consequence of these. Leibniz’s work on this calculus was inspired by Pascal’s treatises on circular arcs and the sines of quarter-circles. Moreover, Pascal’s discoveries also anticipated the integral calculus which Newton was to devise in 1665–6, despite