Titlebook: Biology of Depressive Disorders. Part A; A Systems Perspectiv J. John Mann,David J. Kupfer Book 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New Yo

interior

Ergebnis der empirischen Untersuchung,of which 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyvanillyl-mandelic-acid (VMA) predominates. Peripherally released NE contributes the other 50% of circulating MHPG (Filser, Spira, Fischer, Gattaz, & Muller, 1988; Kopin, 1985; Kopin, 1984). Pathways of NE metabolism are shown in Figure 1.

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goodwill

Noradrenergic Function in Depressive Disorders,by measuring norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4hydroxyphenyl-glycol (MHPG), a major NE metabolite in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MHPG is the only quantitatively significant brain NE metabolite entering the circulation and therefore had originally been thought to reflect brain “act

Outmoded

Serotonin and Major Depression,sized by Rappaport, Green, and Page (1968), and named serotonin (Page, 1968). By 1953, serotonin had been isolated from gut smooth muscle and from extracts of brain. In the 1960s a role for serotonin in the etiology of major depression was proposed. Reserpine, a drug that triggered depression in som

宴会

Cholinergic Supersensitivity in Affective Disorders, of the central muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Although direct experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis is lacking because of the absence of an “ideal” model to study .-cholinoceptor sensitivity in psychiatric patients, there is a large body of indirect data that points toward a cholin

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Gaba and Depression,ic amines, particularly norepinephrine and serotonin, have traditionally played a major role in theories regarding the biochemical basis of depression and of its treatment. This is readily explained by a general focus in neuroscience on biogenic amine neurochemistry and neuropharmacology during the

协议

Biological Rhythms and Depressive Disorders,out a day (circadian rhythms), less than a day (ultradian rhythms), and more than a day (infradian rhythms) have all been demonstrated in human psychology and physiology, and undoubtedly comprise an important aspect of depressive disorders. This chapter is concerned with the most dominant of these p

adduction

Sleep Disorders in Depressive Disorders,pression—whether situational, endogenous, unipolar, neurotic, or melancholic—is accompanied by sleep disturbance. However, the mood-sleep relationship is not a simple bidirectional one. For instance, most healthy subjects report little change in mood (or mild dysphoria) as a consequence of partial o

缩影

Thyroid Axis and Depressive Disorders,tudies have examined various indices of thyroid axis function in patients with depressive disorders and effects of thyroid axis hormones on mood and behavior. A third line of interest has involved effects of various psychotropic drugs used in the treatment of affective disorders on thyroid axis func

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