| 期刊全称 | Biology and ecology of mangroves | | 影响因子2023 | Howard J. Teas | | 视频video | | | 学科分类 | Tasks for Vegetation Science | | 图书封面 |  | | Pindex | Book 19831st edition |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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| 2 |
,Development of mangrove forests from a geological perspective, |
Colin D. Woodroffe |
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Abstract
Mangrove swamps develop only where coastal physiography and energy conditions are favourable. They are most extensive where there is a low shore gradient, and occupy a broader belt on shorelines which have a large tidal range (Walsh, 1974). Sheltered habitats are essential for mangrove development, and on coasts which are exposed, mangroves are localised in the lee of other coastal landforms (Davies, 1972).
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| 3 |
,Evidence for an Upper Carboniferous mangrove community, |
Anne Raymond,Tom L. Phillips |
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Abstract
The morphological and paleogeographic evidence suggesting that cordaitean-dominated swamps from the early Westphalian D (= 295 m.y.b.p.) of Iowa grew in salt water swamps is reviewed. Cordaitean trees, . tree ferns, and . seed ferns contributed 95% of the peat in coal-ball samples taken from three Iowa mines. Ordination analysis shows that associations dominated by . and . succeeded an association dominated by cordaitean trees at each site. Based on comparisons with Upper Carboniferous compression flora deposits, . and . seem to have grown in freshwater or only slightly brackish water habitats. The root morphology of cordaitean trees from Iowa and the paleogeographic position of these swamps suggest that cordaitean trees which produced . and . seeds grew in salt water. Results of the ordination analysis suggest that cordaitean trees which produced . seeds grew in freshwater or only slightly brackish habitats. The methods used to assess these deposits as mangrove peats can be applied to any structurally preserved peat. Most other putative mangrove communities in the fossil record have been described from compression-flora deposits. The non-morphological criteria for assessing these
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| 4 |
,Ecological notes on the mangroves of Fujian, China, |
Peng Lin,Xin-Men Wei |
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Abstract
Funjian Province, in the subtropical zone of China, has six mangrove species: ., ., ., ., ., and .. Along the southern coastal portion of Fujian all six species and several associations occur; in the middle region four species and fewer associations are found; and in the northern region only . occurs. The northern region at 27° 20′ is the northern most extent of mangroves on the China coast..The height of . was correlated with soil salinity and subsurface nitrogen content of the soil. Heavy growth of barnacles on . trunks was associated with poor growth of the trees.
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| 5 |
,A general account of the mangroves of Princess Charlotte Bay with particular reference to zonation |
J. A. Elsol,P. Saenger |
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Abstract
The mangrove vegetation of Princess Charlotte Bay is described. Three land groupings are distinguished — supra-tidal land (predominantly supporting a mixed grassland), high tidal flats (vegetation free), and lower intertidal areas (supporting mangrove vegetation). The mangrove zonation pattern associated with the open shoreline is distinct and comprises a landward . zone, a . zone, a mixed zone of .,., ., ., . and ., a . zone and occasionally a narrow . zone at the lowest tidal level. Interspecific competition between . and . is examined and shown to occur in the two landward zones. The zonation pattern described is similar to that occurring in other areas of northern Australia.
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| 6 |
,Aspects of the development of mangals in the Townsville Region, North Queensland, Australia, |
A. P. Spenceley |
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Abstract
The development of mangals and the underlying factors which control the zonation of mangroves have been considered for some time. As a rule these two aspects of mangrove swamps have been considered in isolation from each other. The idea has been suggested that contemporary factors such as salinity, frequency of inundation and duration of tidal emergence and height of the land surface are the most important controlling influences of the zonation of mangroves (Watson 1928; Davids 1940; Macnae 1966, 1967, 1968; Baltzer 1969; Clarke and Hannon 1969). The relationship between geomorphological and soil textural factors has also been noted (Gledhill 1963; Giglioli and Thornton 1965; Thom 1967; Hervieu 1968; Vieillefon 1969). More recently a temporal element has been introduced into such a discussion (Thom 1975; Thom et al. 1975). The relationship of the soil chemical status of the underlying substratum to the zonation of mangroves has also been commented upon (Navalkar and Bharucha 1950; Thornton and Giglioli 1965; Giglioli and King 1966; Vieillefon 1969; Bunning, cited in Ding Hou 1958; Kartawinata and Walujo 1977). However, the latter group of studies has tended to consider one type of
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| 7 |
,Distribution of mangrove species in Australia, |
A. G. Wells |
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Abstract
In Australia, mangroves occur in small pockets around the coastline. They are most prominent around the northern coastline and have only isolated occurrences in Victoria, South Australia and south of Carnarvon in Western Australia. No mangrove species is recorded for Tasmania..The geographical location of the continent provides scope to look at present distribution of the various species through an extremely wide latitudinal range (11°–38° S). Many species show restricted distributions which may be attributed to past and present historical and environmental conditions. The number of mangrove species in Australia (33) decreases with increasing latitude with most distributions extending further down the eastern than the western coastline and at the southernmost limit of mangroves in the world — Corner Inlet, Victoria (38°45′ S, 146°30′ E) — only the species . var. . remains.
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| 8 |
,The New Zealand Mangrove Association, |
F. J. Taylor |
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Abstract
New Zealand contains the southernmost mangals in the world. They are rather depauperate compared with those in the tropics and consist of only one species: . var. .. Because the leaf tissues cannot withstand more than 12 hours of freezing conditions (Sakai and Wardle 1978) mangroves are found only in the northern part of the country. In general there is a decline in stature southwards. In the north they can be as high as 8 m, in the south, nearer 1 m.
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| 9 |
,Mangroves in New Zealand, |
V. J. Chapman |
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Abstract
Whilst mangrove vegetation is very extensive in certain tropical areas and in some countries is an important economic resource, the mangrove swamps in New Zealand, confined to North of Auckland and Auckland, have generally been regarded as so much wasteland. As a result considerable reclamations have taken place in the past and the swamps are still used in some localities for the dumping of town waste, e.g. Coromandel.
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| 10 |
,An introduction to the nomenclature and taxonomy of the mangrove flora in Papua New Guinea and adja |
J. S. Womersley |
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Abstract
The habitat characterized by the accumulation of mud and fine silt deposits and subject to regular, usually daily, inundation by tidal influence supports a variety of vegetation types of which that dominated by a tree flora with the adaptations of stilt roots and pneumatophores is the most widespread. This is the Mangrove Formation. Within the tropical and subtropical regions the mangrove formation is usually dominated by species of the family Rhizophoraceae. Species classified in other families occur and one or more of these may become dominant where certain edaphic limitations are in effect.
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| 11 |
,Mangrove fishes of New Guinea, |
Bruce B. Collette |
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Abstract
Fishes were collected with rotenone from 14 mangrove swamps, 2 in northern Australia, 6 in Papua New Guinea and 6 in Irian Jaya. Over 200 species from 58 families were found. The 12 families found in the most mangrove swamps were Hemiramphidae (13 of 14), Gobiidae (13), Apogonidae (13), Tetraodontidae (10), Blenniidae (10), Lutjanidae (9), Ophichthidae (9), Eleotridae (8), Pomacentridae (8), Toxotidae (8), Ambassidae (8), and Siganidae (7). The number of families collected per mangrove swamp ranged from 9 to 25, the number of species from 12 to 57, and the number of specimens from 59 to 818. Among the most abundant species in some mangroves were two anchovies (. and .), a cardinalfish (.), two ambassids (. and .), an atherinid (.), a pomacentrid (.), and a goby (.). Species found in the most mangroves were the archerfish ., a blenny . and a cardinalfish . (8 of 14); a cardinalfish . cf. ., two gobies, . cf. . and . cf. . (7); a pipefish ., a third species of cardinalfish ., three gobies, ., . sp., and . cf. ., and an elebtrid . cf. . (6). Comparisons are made between the New Guinea mangrove fish fauna and the mangrove fishes in 7 other studies from North Borneo, South Viet Nam, Ind
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| 12 |
,The faunal communities of Australian mangroves, |
P. A. Hutchings,H. F. Recher |
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Abstract
Mangroves occur in Australia from Corner Inlet, Victoria (38° 45′ S) to Cape York, Queensland (19° S). South of Merimbula (36° 50′ S) on the east coast and south of Carnarvon (25° S) on the west coast, only one species . occurs sporadically. North of these latitudes the number of mangrove species increases, and in Cape York over 30 species occur. A synopsis of the diverse fauna is given and an attempt is made to describe the fauna according to the habitat occupied. The necessity for detailed information on the life cycles and feeding strategies of the dominant faunal organisms is stressed, before estimates of secondary productivity can be made. These are necessary for assessments of the importance of Australian mangrove communities and the inherent dangers of extrapolating data from one geographical region to another.
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| 13 |
,Distribution of Phycomycetes in mangrove swamps with brackish waters and waters of high salinity, |
Annemarie Ulken |
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Abstract
Mangrove swamps at Cananéia (Brazil), Heeia, Pearl Harbour (Hawaii), Cockroach Bay (Florida), Veracruz (Mexico), Sinai (Israel) and Bermuda were investigated with respect to Phycomycetes that degrade cellulose, chitin and keratin. The fungi isolated and maintained in pure culture were: Strains of . Ulken, . Sorokin, and some species of .,. and .. In the swamps of Cananéia, Heeia, and Pearl Harbour with salinities between 5 and 30‰ a great variety of Phycomycetes, uniflagellate as well as biflagellate, were found. At Veracruz many uniflagellate chytrids, which are known to occur in fresh waters, but which are also known to be halotolerant, could be observed. In the mangrove swamps of Sinai and Bermuda, where the salinity usually is high, mainly representatives of the biflagellate genera ., . and . were found. The degradative activity of these fungi at different combinations of light and temperature was investigated.
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| 14 |
,Inheritance of albinism in the red mangrove, , L, |
Shirley H. Handler,Howard J. Teas |
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Abstract
Occasional trees of . L. have been found in Puerto Rico and South Florida that bear approximately one fourth albino propagules, apparently a consequence of self-pollination and segregation for a recessive gene. Counts of propagule types on a series of trees that produce albino propagules showed that the albino class is sometimes smaller than one fourth of the total, suggesting that there may be a variable degree of outcrossing.
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,Significance of cryptovivipary in , (L.) Blanco, |
Leela J. Bhosale,L. S. Shinde |
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Abstract
Cryptovivipary was studied in the mangrove . (L.) Blanco from western India. Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg and P were measured in seedling parts at three developmental stages. Chloride ion uptake and distribution was followed by use of the radioisotope .Cl, taken up through the plant stem. Photosynthate distribution was followed from leaves to fruits and seedling parts using the radioisotope .C, applied to an adjacent leaf as a buffered bicarbonate solution..It was found that the cryptoviviparous seedlings of . were nutritionally dependent on the parent and that this dependence was greatest during early seedling development. At all stages the translocated carbon was most concentrated in the embryo. Evidence from .Cl experiments indicated that there are tissue barriers on the ion transport at two sites: between the stalk/calyx and the fruit, and between the seed coat and embryo. Chloride analyses of seedlings in nature supported the .Cl uptake studies. Translocation of Cl to the seedlings was maximal toward maturity when they are developing salt tolerance against the time when they are shed and must grow on saline soil.
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| 16 |
,Succession in zoned mangrove communities: where is the climax?, |
I. M. Johnstone |
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Abstract
Data are presented which suggest the mangal ‘climax’ is not necessarily at the rear of the mangrove swamp. Biomass and soil nutrients are greatest in the . and/or . zone and leaf area ratio and environmental fluctuations (temperature) are least in the . zone. Supporting observations are also discussed. It is suggested that if the mangrove climax is separated from the land by a series of sub-climax zones, mangrove and terrestrial succession are independent and it is not justified to view the mangal solely in terms of a pioneer assemblage leading to a terrestrial climax; but, rather, the mangal should be considered as an entire community with its own climax.
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| 17 |
,Degradation of mangrove leaf and stem tissues , in Mgeni Estuary, South Africa, |
T. D. Steinke,G. Naidoo,L. M. Charles |
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Abstract
. rates of degradation of mangrove litter were obtained from regular harvests of submerged material contained in nylon-mesh bags. Litter components comprised leaves and stems of . (Forsk.) Vierh. and . (L.) Lam. and stems of . Lam. Leaves degraded more rapidly than stems and after six months . and . leaf debris comprised only 9.5% and 15.3% respectively of their initial mass. At the end of this period approximately 80% of the initial mass of the stems of each species remained. The material from each harvest was analysed for N, P, K and total C. In the bags containing leaves of both species nitrogen percentages showed an initial sharp decrease before levelling off. Little difference was revealed in all analyses of stems and in total carbon values of leaves. The significance of leaf litter in the contribution of nutrients to this estuary is discussed.
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| 18 |
,Mangroves and sewage: a re-evaluation, |
B. F. Clough,K. G. Boto,P. M. Attiwill |
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Abstract
The capacity of mangrove systems to remove and immobilise nutrients, heavy metals and other constituents of sewage effluent is strongly influenced by tidal and drainage characteristics, and by the redox state of the soil. Some mangrove systems may not remove sufficient phosphorus and nitrogen to reduce the quantity of these nutrients in sewage effluent to a level below that required for significant biological activity in offshore waters. In particular, the common practice of discharging treated sewage effluent directly into estuaries or tidal channels fringed by mangroves would appear to be a relatively ineffective scheme for improving the quality of sewage effluent..Nutrient enrichment of mangrove systems in general does not appear to be harmful, and in some cases may have a beneficial effect on growth and productivity. Similarly, anaerobic mangrove soils seem likely to have the capacity to trap heavy metals and pesticides without harm to mangroves themselves, although these materials could have an adverse effect on the sediment fauna. The high organic carbon content of sewage effluent may lead to further reduction of soil redox potential. This may place additional stress on mangr
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,Ecology of a mangrove swamp near Juhu Beach, Bombay with reference to sewage pollution, |
S. N. Dwivedi,K. G. Padmakumar |
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Abstract
The mangrove areas in the vicinity of Bombay are the waste dumping grounds for the city. Large scale destruction of the . spp. has resulted in the domination of the tidal swamps by dwarf shrubs of ...Three stations in a three km stretch between Seven Bungalows and Juhu, Bombay were studied from January to September 1978, for physico-chemical and biological factors..The first station, at Juhu Beach, has sandy substratum, high energy wave action and is devoid of mangroves. The range of dissolved oxygen was 0.00–6.1 ml/l. The BOD varied between 1.2 and 77.0 mg/l and the phytoplankton counts varied between 0.48 × 10. and 37.0 × 10. cells/l..The second station, at Sluice Gate, the confluence of open drains which discharges domestic effluents and sewage, had dissolved oxygen values from 0.00 to 4.7 ml/l. The BOD ranged from 29.6 to 121.0 mg/l. The Phytoplankton counts varied from 0.78 to 43.9 × 10. cells/l..The third station, at Seven Bungalows, which is about two km from the point of sewage discharge, was least polluted. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 1.78 to 7.4 m1/1 and BOD from 3.3 to 38.0 mg/l. The Phytoplankton counts fluctuated from 0.09 to 101.6 × 10. cells/l. Fishes (Boleophthalmu
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,Impact of oil spills on mangrove forests, |
Roy R. Lewis III |
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Abstract
Mangrove forests are the dominant intertidal plant community along most low wave energy shorelines in the tropics (Macnae 1968; Lugo and Snedaker 1974). Their value as habitat and detrital food sources for marine organisms as well as their direct commercial value as lumber, firewood and tanning agents are well documented (Odum and Heald 1972; Chapman 1976).
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发表于 2025-3-21 19:32:24
