Titlebook: Biological Innovations that Built the World; A Four-billion-year Roberto Ligrone Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 major biolo

ALIBI

Klassiker der Kinder- und Jugendliteraturnd . triggered ., the development of a continuously expanding environment, partly physical and partly cognitive and social, which was the main driver in the evolution of modern humans (.). Sapiens appeared in Eastern Africa around 200 KYA, migrated to the Middle East twice, around 100 and 70 KYA, an

entail

The Origins,, essential to maintain the average temperature of the Earth surface in a range compatible with life; (c) the recycling of elements essential to life; (d) the maintenance of chemical disequilibria on the planetary surface, which created the conditions necessary for the development of life. The Earth

雀斑

The Birth of Life,king peptides with a sequence determined by cognate RNAs under the rules of a primordial genetic code, and “protoviruses”, . RNPs that replicated RNA templates from free nucleotides under the rules of base complementarity. Although the two classes of RNPs most likely evolved independently, they esta

来就得意

Moving to the Light: The Evolution of Photosynthesis,ryotes. Major similarities in the molecular architecture of photosystems in extant bacterial lineages point to a monophyletic origin of the core photosynthetic machine, followed by horizontal transfer among distantly related taxa, duplication and neo-functionalization. The Archaea lack photosynthesi

Intruder

The Great Oxygenation Event,but the causal link between the two events is uncertain. Oxygen atmospheric concentration stabilized at a low level during most of the Proterozoic. A second rise in oxygen concentration, probably reflecting an increase in global productivity and organic carbon sequestration, started around 800 MYA.

使长胖

Eukaryotes,e mitochondrion by endosymbiosis. Eukaryote placement within the archaea in phylogenomic analysis supports the fusion scenario. The predominance of bacterial sequences in the eukaryote pangenome, the bacterial stereochemistry of eukaryote membrane lipids, and similar trajectories in mitochondrial an

新陈代谢

Multicellularity,ubject to homeostatic control. In . multicellular organisms (e.g. the animals and volvocine algae), the body shape is determined during embryo development, after which stem cells control cellular turnover and isometric growth. . organisms (e.g. land plants and fungi) retain totipotent cells that pro

Feature

NEX

The Animals, Thus, the intestine was a fundamental innovation that paved the way to the evolution of most other animal traits. The diffusion of animals in Cambrian oceans enhanced organic carbon sequestration at the ocean bottom due to the sinking of carcasses and faeces, thus probably contributing to coeval ri

Pruritus