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Titlebook: Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees; Friedrich Ruttner Book 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 adaptation.biogeography.classif

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发表于 2025-3-21 17:35:03 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
期刊全称Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees
影响因子2023Friedrich Ruttner
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图书封面Titlebook: Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees;  Friedrich Ruttner Book 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 adaptation.biogeography.classif
影响因子Honeybees are as small as flies or as large as hornets, nesting in nar­ row cavities of trees and rocks or in the open on large limbs of trees 30 m above ground. They occur in tropical zones and in the forests of the Ural mountains, they survive seven months of winter and even longer periods of drought and heat. Historically, they lived through a extended time of stagnation in the tropics from the mid-Tertiary, but then experienced an explosive evolution during the Pleistocene, re­ sulting in the conquest of huge new territories and the origin of two dozen subspecies in Apis mellifera. This vast geographic and ecologic diversification of the genus Apis was accompanied by a rich morphological variation, less on the level of species than at the lowest rank, the subspecies level. Variation being exclusively of a quantitative kind at this first step of speciation, tradi­ tional descriptive methods of systematics proved to be unsatisfactory, and honeybee taxonomy finally ended up in a confusing multitude of inadequately described units. Effective methods of morphometric-sta­ tistical analysis of honeybee popUlations, centered on limited areas, have been developed during the last decades
Pindex Book 1988
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Relativism and the Return of the Moral Self,ithin . (Chap. 3). Although most subspecies of the region are of medium size (Fig. 4.2), almost the whole range of size variation is found between . and . on one end and . and . on the other (Fig. 10.5). In a DA covering 9 Mediterranean races the variation extends from . to . on one axis and between . and . on the other (Fig. 13.1).
发表于 2025-3-22 06:48:23 | 显示全部楼层
Honeybees of the Western Mediterraneanithin . (Chap. 3). Although most subspecies of the region are of medium size (Fig. 4.2), almost the whole range of size variation is found between . and . on one end and . and . on the other (Fig. 10.5). In a DA covering 9 Mediterranean races the variation extends from . to . on one axis and between . and . on the other (Fig. 13.1).
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Relativism and the Return of the Moral Self,Seeley et al. 1982). Yet, this “most ferocious stinging insect on earth” (Morse and Laigo 1969) can be conditioned to live close to humans, nesting oh walls of buildings in large towns or on trees in gardens (Lindauer 1956; Morse and Benton 1967; Reddy 1980 b).
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Evolutionpecies. Showing a superficial morphological similarity, the Meliponinae were for a long time taken as the closest relatives and ancestors of Apinae (Michener 1944, 1974). A later analysis resulted in a different phylogenetic dendrogram (Winston and Michener 1977). It seems useful to discuss this problem by considering various aspects.
发表于 2025-3-23 00:29:18 | 显示全部楼层
es 30 m above ground. They occur in tropical zones and in the forests of the Ural mountains, they survive seven months of winter and even longer periods of drought and heat. Historically, they lived through a extended time of stagnation in the tropics from the mid-Tertiary, but then experienced an e
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The Obligation to Resist Sexual Harassment,icrapis, Sigmatapis) each with one (or two closely related) species (see Chap. 5). Since any taxon, except the species, is a question of deliberate agreement intended for improvement in practical application (Mayr 1968), it seems preferable to use the least complicated classification, that is to group the few species as one single genus.
发表于 2025-3-23 06:56:15 | 显示全部楼层
The Obligation to Resist Sexual Harassment,ecies on a relatively low phylogenetic level within the genus. In several characteristics, however, it is certainly a very differentiated species, remote from the general line of evolution observed in the other . species.
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