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Titlebook: Binary Quadratic Forms; Classical Theory and Duncan A. Buell Book 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1989 Arithmetic.Finite.algebra.calculu

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发表于 2025-3-21 16:36:50 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
期刊全称Binary Quadratic Forms
期刊简称Classical Theory and
影响因子2023Duncan A. Buell
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图书封面Titlebook: Binary Quadratic Forms; Classical Theory and Duncan A. Buell Book 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1989 Arithmetic.Finite.algebra.calculu
影响因子The first coherent exposition of the theory of binary quadratic forms was given by Gauss in the Disqnisitiones Arithmeticae. During the nine­ teenth century, as the theory of ideals and the rudiments of algebraic number theory were developed, it became clear that this theory of bi­ nary quadratic forms, so elementary and computationally explicit, was indeed just a special case of a much more elega,nt and abstract theory which, unfortunately, is not computationally explicit. In recent years the original theory has been laid aside. Gauss‘s proofs, which involved brute force computations that can be done in what is essentially a two­ dimensional vector space, have been dropped in favor of n-dimensional arguments which prove the general theorems of algebraic number the­ ory. In consequence, this elegant, yet pleasantly simple, theory has been neglected even as some of its results have become extremely useful in certain computations. I find this neglect unfortunate, because binary quadraticforms have two distinct attractions. First, the subject involves explicit computa­ tion and many of the computer programs can be quite simple. The use of computers in experimenting with examples is bo
Pindex Book 1989
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Indefinite Forms,al again being the determination of canonical forms for the equivalence classes. In the case of negative discriminants, the “reduced” forms are essentially unique in a given equivalence class. For positive discriminants, however, it is not only the case that many reduced forms can lie in the same cl
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The Class Group,d . exist so that . represents ., that is, . = . + . + .. This is a . if gcd(.,.) = 1. If the representation is primitive, then integers . and . exist so that . − . = 1. Then . is equivalent to a form .′ = (., ., .), where .′ is obtained from . by using the transformation . and equations (1.2). We n
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The 2-Sylow Subgroup,ected, in the case of positive discriminant, with the question of which discriminants Δ possess solutions of the negative Pell equation . and both questions are related for all discriminants to the existence of higher-order reciprocity laws analogous to the law of quadratic reciprocity. The connecti
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­ teenth century, as the theory of ideals and the rudiments of algebraic number theory were developed, it became clear that this theory of bi­ nary quadratic forms, so elementary and computationally explicit, was indeed just a special case of a much more elega,nt and abstract theory which, unfortuna
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Globalisierung und Weltpolitik,eger coefficients and determinant ., then the change of variables (1.1) takes a form . = (., ., .) of discriminant Δ to a form . of discriminant Δ.. In matrix notation this is . which we will write as . = R. for brevity. We shall call such a matrix . a . and shall say that . is derived from . by the transformation of determinant ..
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