| 期刊全称 | Basic Research Advancement for Algal Biofuels Production | | 影响因子2023 | Neha Srivastava,P.K. Mishra | | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/182/181137/181137.mp4 | | 发行地址 | Focuses on adoption of basic research in algal biofuels production.Presents critical analysis of algal biofuels production from primary basic research to advance industrial production.Covers the chall | | 学科分类 | Clean Energy Production Technologies | | 图书封面 |  | | 影响因子 | The edited book presents sustainable adopting options in basic research for improving algal biofuels production. This book is probably first book on algal biofuels which is focused on improving the primary basic research to enhance mass scale technological production of algal biofuels. The book explores significance of basic bench top research to increase pilot scale production of algal biofuels. The books also targeting the most sustainable and economical algal biofuels option with in depth details. Further, it highlights the existing roadblock, their analysis and eco-friendly solution to control them in most greenery way. This book is highly useful for academician, researchers and industries professionals and of high interest for students of bioenergy, sustainable practices and renewable energy. | | Pindex | Book 2023 |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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,Recent Advancements in Municipal Wastewater as Source of Biofuels from Algae, |
Spriha Raven,Arpit Andrew Noel,Jane Florina Tirkey,Archana Tiwari |
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Abstract
The normal aquatic microflora comprising of bacteria and algae perform a vital role in the maintenance of an ecological balance of water by consuming excess nutrients. Exploring wastewater as a reservoir for nutrients and concomitant generation of value-added products from algae and bacteria is indeed an innovative approach towards sustainability. For the optimum exploitation of current wastewater treatment infrastructure, eutrophic water bodies like lakes, ponds, and water canals can be used for the growth of bacteria and algae, thereby resolving the scalability and economic issues. In this chapter we are elaborating the municipal wastewater remediation potential of bacteria and algae and valorizing the resulting biomass for diverse applications. The microbial enrichment in wastewater can be envisaged as a rapid, economical, and environment-friendly approach for the wastewater remediation coupled with the generation of bioactive compounds. The crucial challenges include the standardization of the culture conditions to grow bacteria and algae in wastewater for nutrient elimination concomitant with the generation of biofuels and valuable products. The biorefinery approach is an effi
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,Recent Trends for Production of Biofuels Using Algal Biomass, |
Farwa Akram,Bushra Saleem,Muhammad Irfan,Hafiz Abdullah Shakir,Muhammad Khan,Shaukat Ali,Shagufta Sa |
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Abstract
Industrial revolution not only brings comforts to life but also leads to many problems. One of them is limited supply of energy resources; the other is global warming and environmental pollution by burning fossil fuels. These problems lead scientists towards the idea of biofuels. But the production of first and second generation biofuels has many challenges including food vs. fuel war. Recently the production of biofuels by algal biomass also called as third generation biofuels has gained attention. Algal biomass can not only be converted to all forms of energy resources like biodiesel and biogas, but also are ecofriendly as they recycle the CO. in the environment and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases as in the case of fossil fuel. But there is need for modern methodology and instrumentation to obtain biofuels from algae. This chapter is about cultivation and harvesting of different algal strains, production of different types of fuels from algal biomass, genetic engineering of algal strains to obtain maximum lipid content, etc.
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,Microbial Mats and Its Significance in Biofuel Production, |
Muhammad Asad Javed,Ashraf Aly Hassan |
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Abstract
Microbial mats are natural ecosystems rich in biodiversity, usually found in shallow hypersaline water and marine ecosystems. These microbial mats comprise mainly microalgae and cyanobacteria along with other aerobic and anaerobic phototrophs and heterotrophs. These communities are considered the primary producers of biofuels such as hydrogen (H.) and methane (CH.), as well as some other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO.). The biodiversity in microbial mats makes it capable of fixing some hazardous gases and organic contaminants, i.e., algae and cyanobacteria can produce H. and oxygen (O.) by fixing atmospheric CO. and nitrogen (N.) during the photosynthetic process by suitable electron transfer in photosystem I and II. The H. production by microbial mats is catalyzed by hydrogenase and nitrogenase enzymes present in algae and cyanobacteria during biophotolysis. The sulfate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria are able to fix the hazardous hydrogen sulfide (H.S) gas by maintaining a low concentration of sulfate in the ecosystem resulting in CH. production. This chapter highlights the phenomena of biofuel production based on currently available data by using microbial mats,
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,Algal Biohydrogen Production: Opportunities and Challenges, |
Meenal Jain,Meenakshi Mital,Puja Gupta |
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Abstract
Biohydrogen is a renewable source of energy which is cleaner and more cost-effective than other biofuels. Hydrogen produced through the action of living organisms is called biohydrogen. Algae have received significant attention as a novel biomass source for the generation of renewable energy. Microalgae are an excellent source for hydrogen production owing to their carbon mitigating properties and the consumption of solar energy as the energy source by microalgae, which is a renewable source of energy. A number of microorganisms can be used in the production of hydrogen; however, the most commonly used and accepted are cyanobacteria and green microalgae. They are considered being more efficient at producing chemical energy from sunlight with a smaller footprint and less requirement for water. The chapter throws light on biohydrogen as an energy source and the various technologies available for algal biohydrogen production. Further, it discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with the production of algal biohydrogen.
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,Using Algae as a Renewable Source in the Production of Biodiesel, |
Nesrin Dursun |
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Abstract
Environmental pollution and energy demand have been increasing each passing day. Consequently, the utilization of fossil fuels as the primary resource of energy in the energy and automotive industries has led to a decline in non-renewable fossil fuels. Therefore, renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources have been widely researched. The use of third-generation algae as a basic material in biofuel production research has introduced a new trend in the field of alternative fuels. The production of liquid fuel biodiesel, which is one of the types of biofuels, using algae has recently attracted great interest. Biodiesel has been proposed as a viable alternate to petrol and diesel. It was reported that this fuel could be directly used with diesel engines. The vital factors of nutritional mode, light, and the presence of substrate are known to switch the structural characteristics of algal biomass in the manufacture of biodiesel using algae. The manufacture of biodiesel from algae can be more economical by assembling the wastewater treatment and biofuel manufacture processes. This chapter examines each type of algae used to produce biodiesel under sep
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,Various Applications to Macroalgal and Microalgal Biomasses for Biohydrogen and Biomethane Producti |
Nesrin Dursun |
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Abstract
Studies of alternative fuels with renewable properties are increasingly being conducted worldwide owing to the depletion of fossil fuels. In researching these fuel options, care is taken to ensure that they are environmentally friendly fuels. The fact that after combustion, only water vapour is produced from biological hydrogen which is indirect proof that biohydrogen is an environmentally friendly biofuel that does not pollute the air. It is also known that biological methane has a reducing effect on greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, researchers have pointed out the importance of biogas. Researchers have targeted cheap, easily accessible waste or residual biomass for sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel in this context. While competition between first-generation carbohydrate-rich food and second-generation lignocellulosic biomass continues, researches on third-generation algal biomass with (a) rapid growth, (b) high biomass production, and (c) high photosynthetic efficiency have accelerated. Current applications of algal biomass for biohydrogen and biomethane production using macroalgae and microalgae-based grouping are examined in this section.
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,Algal Biofuels: Clean Energy to Combat the Climate Change, |
Purnima Mehta,Kartikey Sahil,Loveleen Kaur Sarao,M. S. Jangra,S. K. Bhardwaj |
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Abstract
Algal biofuels are an indispensable tool for combating climate change as they are the clean sources of energy prevalent in nature and recognized as third-generation biofuels. The different types of algae are renewable sources of energy that can be cultured at low cost as compared to first- and second-generation crops and thus reducing the pressure on agricultural and water land use. The biomass production of algae has been increased up to 32.67 million tonnes worldwide. The algae have maximum light use efficiency and produce 2–15 folds higher lipids in comparison to other oilseed crops, viz. soybean and rapeseed. Oil-producing algae are 100–200 times greater than soybean. The production of oil yield from soybean was 446 L ha. when grown on 594 mha area while microalgae produce 136,900 L ha. oil on 2 mha land area. Algae biomass production is helpful to minimize the pollutants and heavy metals such as ammonium nitrates and phosphates from wastewater and soil. According to IPCC climate change is real and happening around the world. The concentration of carbon dioxide was 415 ppm in 2020 has been increased by 44% from 278 ppm in 1960. The cellulosic and algal biofuel production would
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,Thermo-kinetic Study of , Microalgae Pyrolysis: Evaluation of Kinetic and Thermodynamics Parameters |
Satya Prakash Pandey,Achyut K. Panda,Sachin Kumar |
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Abstract
Pyrolysis kinetics of microalgae . was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis in the nitrogen atmosphere at diverse heating rates of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C/min. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Friedman (FRM), Coats-Redfern (C-R) and Vyazovkin (VYZ) methods were applied on thermogravimetric data of microalgae to evaluate the different kinetic parameters such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor and thermodynamic parameters. The results obtained in thermal degradation process represents three main zones such as evaporation, active and passive pyrolysis zone. Activation energy obtained from KAS, OFW, Friedman, C-R and VYZ methods were 132.63, 175.65, 312.67, 216.87 and 149.26 kJ/mol, respectively. The average pre-exponential factor obtained through Kissinger approach were 4.045 × 10., 1.16 × 10., 7.89 × 10., 1.05 × 10. and 1.157 × 10. s. at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C/min, respectively. Experimental results reveal that the values of kinetic parameters from five different models free isoconversional methods are in good agreement and . can prove to be a promising alternating source for bio-fuel production.
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,Growth of , Microalgae from Fruit Waste Extract for Biodiesel Production, |
Namrata Kumari,Gurleen Kaur Sahani,Sachin Kumar |
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Abstract
Fruit peel extracts are ample source of several nutrients such as minerals and carbon, necessary for microalgal cultivation. In the present study, fruit (orange and banana) peel extracts are utilized as a source of essential inorganic and organic supplements for the cultivation of microalgae. Chemical composition of fruit (orange and banana) peel extract was determined by AAS analysis and elemental analysis. The HPLC analysis discloses that the obtained extracts contains major quantity of glucose and fructose. The presence of number of functional groups was observed by the FTIR analysis. . was used as the microalgae strain for the culture of algal biomass. For each prepared media, the fixed algae concentrations were incubated in seven different concentrations ratios 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25. The growth of algae in media of both the fruit peel extracts was detected by spectroscopy. Furthermore, Nile red staining method through fluorescence microscopy was carried out to estimate the lipid accumulation and found that the lipid accumulation is higher in banana peel media. GC-MS analysis of transformed FAME biodiesel demonstrates the high content of essential fatty aci
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,Microalgae: A Way Toward Sustainable Development of a Society, |
Komal Agrawal,Tannu Ruhil,Pradeep Verma |
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Abstract
The growing needs of the human population have come across as a global challenge. More population means more reliance on fossil fuels and more burden on available land for food, thus creating more pollution. In a recent scenario, a microscopic organism that has attracted the attention of scientists across the globe is microalgae. They are found in a varied range of habitats, and their easy availability, renewability, and sustainability have made them an alternative to conventional products and services. Microalgae have found applications in bioremediation, biofuel and biohydrogen production, food, health, and cosmetics industries, etc. However, one main problem faced while using microalgae is its commercialization for mass production as more research need to be done for its effective implementation. Thus, the present chapter gives an insight into the applications of microalgae in a concise manner. An effort to unravel the limitations has also been made along with the prospects.
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