Titlebook: Basic Principles of Membrane Technology; Marcel Mulder Book 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1991 membrane technology

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Introduction,being whose faculties are so sharpened that he can follow every molecule in its course and would be able to what is at present impossible to us” [2]. In other words, the demon is able to discriminate between molecules. Suppose that a vessel is divided into two parts A and B by a division in which th

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Materials and Material Properties,biological and synthetic membranes. Biological membranes are essential for life on earth. Every living cell is surrounded by a membrane, but these membranes differ completely in structure, functionality etc. from synthetic organic and inorganic membranes. A detailed description is beyond the scope o

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Preparation of Synthetic Membranes,t which enable a membrane to be constructed from a given material. The kind of technique employed depends mainly on the material used and on the desired membrane structure (which in turn is dependent on the separation problem). Three basic types of membrane can be distinguished based on structure an

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Transport in Membranes,e phase to another because a force acts on that molecule or particle. The extent of this force is determined by the gradient in potential, or approximately by the difference in potential, across the membrane (ΔX) divided by the membrane thickness (.), i.e.

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Membrane Processes,r existing between two homogeneous phases. Transport through the membrane takes place when a driving force is applied to the components in phase 1. In most the membrane processes the driving force is a pressure difference or a concentration (or activity) difference across the membrane. Parameters su

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Polarisation Phenomena and Membrane Fouling,tion, the membrane performance (or better the system performance) can change very much with time, and often a typical flux-time behaviour may be observed: the flux through the membrane decreases over time. This behaviour is shown schematically in figure VII — 1 and is mainly due to concentration pol

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Module and Process Design, is called a module. The module is the central part of a membrane installation. The simplest design is one in which a single module is used. Figure VIII — 1 gives a schematic drawing of such a single module design.

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