Titlebook: A History of Banks; From the Knights Tem Mehmet Baha Karan,Wim Westerman,Jacob Wijngaard Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Au

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25947-1y did away with the Ottoman sultans—becoming a republic in the 1920s. Interestingly, politicians such as the well-equipped Minister Cavid Bey had a big say in the Bank’s hey days, but the Bank remained fairly independent throughout until a merger in 2001.

OTTER

John Law: The Lord of Paper Money (Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries), the French economy.Alas, the associated money creation ended in the Mississippi Company bubble around a state-led investment project in North America, in 1720, much akin to a comparable failed British project, the South Sea Company bubble.It made the bankers distrusted in France.

Coterminous

The Rothschilds: The Global Financial Empire (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries),e money across borders to states and corporations in the Napoleonic period. The Rothschilds were e.g., forceful during the French-British Suez Canal Incident of 1852, but failed to become strong in the United States of America.

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Falko Bause,Heinz Beilner,Jan Kriegeations grew. Fascinating is the position taken by Cosimo de’ Medici (1389–1464). He was a strategist, networker and administrator. He grew and reorganised the Bank. Being briefly expelled, he could eliminate his enemies in the home base Florence. However, the Medici’s policies waned later.

外来

Andreas Reinholz,Holger Schneiderlarge securities exchange, the stable Amsterdam financial market became exemplary and a multi-faced cooperation model served the Dutch expansion into the world. While still existing, the Bank’s financial innovation role was quietly taken over by private banks.