Titlebook: Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World; John M. Marzluff,Reed Bowman,Roarke Donnelly Book 2001 Springer Science+Business Me

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https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0075765these effects for over a century. Here, we review these studies to: 1) characterize the type of research approaches that have been used, 2) suggest strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, 3) offer a standardized nomenclature for the degree of settlement that will be used throughout this volume

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Mireille Chaleyat-Maurel,Thierry Jeulinn local and global scales. I review: 1) urbanization of the Earth, and 2) published studies of bird responses to human settlement, and then: 3) suggest how and why birds respond to settlement. In a slight majority of studies, bird density increased, but richness and evenness decreased in response to

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04275-0ationship to humans, ranging from the almost obligate to the tangential. Avian synanthropy, which includes urbanized and urbanizing birds, is a common ecological relationship, to which at least 25% of North American birds can be referred. Species known to be specialists on early stages of ecological

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Grothendieck Duality and Base Changekett 1990). The gradient paradigm offers a useful framework to test hypotheses on the impacts of urban development on ecological processes. These studies, however, tend to simplify the actual urban structure into monocentric agglomerations characterized by concentric rings of development surrounding

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