Titlebook: Attitudes, Norms, and Beliefs Related to Assisted Reproduction Technologies among Childless Women in; Ivett Szalma Book 2021 The Editor(s)

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Contextual Background: The Pronatalist Approach,he pronatalist approach is related to the aging population in European societies, leading to and increasing old age dependency ratio. The high rate of the population who are 65 years and over put pressure on the working population.

PAC

General Attitudes Towards ART,e: gender, age, religiosity, education, and number of children. Women, higher educated and younger people and those who do not have children seem to have higher levels of acceptance than men, lower educated and older people and those who have children in this question.

Iatrogenic

Conditions for ART Participation: Heterosexual Partnership a Must,an Value Survey in 2008 shows that the majority (93%) of Hungarians agreed with the statement that children need to live with both parents to grow up happily, compared with only 51% and 72% of the respondents from Sweden and the Netherlands respectively (Szalma, 2014).

CUB

Age-Related Dilemmas,osition of families (Fasouliotis & Schenker, 1999). Since I have examined the attitudes towards single and lesbian women’s access to ART in the previous section, in this section I focus on attitudes to the question of age limit related to undertaking ART treatments.

OMIT

Physical and Mental Burdens of ART Participation,rs, regardless of their age, education, income, years of infertility, or the number of treatment cycles they had already tried. Additionally, the physical strains resulting from treatment, such as breast tenderness, or pain at oocyte retrieval can be even more pronounced than the mental burdens (Boivin et al., 2012).

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Attitudes, Norms, and Beliefs Related to Assisted Reproduction Technologies among Childless Women in978-3-658-35628-6Series ISSN 2197-6708 Series E-ISSN 2197-6716

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10% of women remained childless (Sobotka, 2017). However, after the end of the socialist era, profound changes occurred in cohort reproductive patterns, especially among cohorts born in the 1970s. The initial extremely low childlessness levels started to rise, approaching or surpassing 10% in post-socialist countries (Sobotka, 2017).

Chromatic

CIO in the Organizational Hierarchytnership conditions for ART participation and ideas about physical and mental burdens of ART participation) from the perspective of different age groups of childless women. Since voluntary childlessness is rare in Hungary, attitudes and knowledge about ART among the involuntary and temporarily childless women are relevant.

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