Titlebook: Atlas of Pathologic Myopia; Kyoko Ohno-Matsui Book 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 Pathologic Myopia.Optical coherence tomogr

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Procedural Learning in the Monkey and eventually extends to the macula. OCT shows a marked thinning of the choroid in the area of diffuse atrophy. In some cases, almost the entire choroid is lost leaving sporadically remaining large choroidal vessels.

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Monika Piątkowska,Sylwia GocłowskaThree-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) of the eye is a powerful tool to visualize the entire shape of the eye. Using 3D MRI, posterior staphylomas can be observed in its full extent and how the entire eye shape changes in parallel. It has also been shown that some specific eye shape is related to poor visual outcome.

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Chain rule and inverse function theorem,Posterior staphylomas involve a wider area than the area covered in 50 degree fundus photos. Wide-field fundus images can accommodate an entire extent of wide staphylomas. Although wide-field fundus images do not provide 3D information, the pigmentary alterations along the staphyloma edges may be a good indicator of staphylomas.

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Pallidal Output Circuits in the ThalamusIntravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents is the first-line therapy for myopic macular neovascularization (MNV). Among various anti-VEGF agents; ranibizumab has been approved for MNV in many countries and aflibercept in 99 countries at the point of August 2019. Bevacizumab is used off-label.

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3D MRI of Posterior StaphylomaThree-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) of the eye is a powerful tool to visualize the entire shape of the eye. Using 3D MRI, posterior staphylomas can be observed in its full extent and how the entire eye shape changes in parallel. It has also been shown that some specific eye shape is related to poor visual outcome.

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Wide-Field Fundus Imaging of Posterior StaphylomaPosterior staphylomas involve a wider area than the area covered in 50 degree fundus photos. Wide-field fundus images can accommodate an entire extent of wide staphylomas. Although wide-field fundus images do not provide 3D information, the pigmentary alterations along the staphyloma edges may be a good indicator of staphylomas.

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