Titlebook: Atlas of Fetal Ultrasound; Normal Imaging and M Victor Bunduki,Marcelo Zugaib Book 2018 Springer International Publishing AG 2018 Fetal med

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Normal Fetal Structural Ultrasound,Morphological ultrasound includes a systematic and organized study of each fetal segment to make a detailed description of most of the fetal anatomy and attachments (amniotic fluid, cord, and placenta).

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Central Nervous System Abnormalities,Malformations of the central nervous system, in terms of frequency, are second only to malformations of the urinary tract.

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Fetal Echocardiography,The incidence of congenital heart defects is in 8–10 per 1000 live births. With advances in fetal echocardiography, congenital heart defects are most frequently diagnosed in intrauterine life; however, there is still some difficulty for the noncardiologist sonographer to understand this small and complex organ.

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Noncardiac Thoracic Malformations,Fetal thorax evaluation through ultrasound is a fundamental step of the morphological examination. The noncardiac thoracic malformations (basically pulmonary and diaphragmatic defects) must always be investigated, owing to high perinatal morbidity and mortality rates of these abnormalities.

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The Fetal Abdomen,The recognition of the normal anatomy of the fetal abdomen is fundamentally important in diagnosing fetal pathological conditions.

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Skeleton and Limbs,The ultrasound evaluation of the fetal skeleton begins with the correct assessment of gestational age, based on early fetal ultrasound and evaluation of biometrics in the current examination. Measurement of long bones using normograms for different gestational ages is of utmost importance to the diagnostic certitude of skeletal involvement.

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