Titlebook: Arthrosonography; Horst Sattler,Ulrich Harland Book 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990 Tumor.anatomy.ankle.classification.foot.hi

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,Existenzgründungsberatung – ein Exkurs,With the patient supine, longitudinal and transverse ankle scans are performed using a concave standoff pad at the junction of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot. The ankle and subtalar joints are moved actively or passively during the examination.

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Shoulder Joint,Because the soulder joint is stabilized essentially by muscles rather than by the geometric shape of the joint surfaces, many lesions of the soft-tissue envelope can produce a muscular imbalance leading to dysfunction. The shoulder joint is easily accessible from several sides, making it an excellent object for sonographic evaluation.

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Elbow Joint,The elbow joint is evaluated on continuous longitudinal and transverse scans performed over the anterior and posterior aspects of the joint. The following longitudinal scans are standard:

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Hip Joint in Children, Adolescents, and Adults,The examination is performed with a 5-MHz transducer. A standoff pad is not essential since the structures of interest lie 2–4 cm below the skin surface and thus within the focal zone of the probe.

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Sonography of the Soft Tissues,The ultrasound examination is preceded by a clinical examination which identifies the region of interest that is to be evaluated for sonographic change.

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